The article analyses the correlation of two
methodological traditions of Russian religious philosophy: the
tradition of All-unity and the tradition of The Orthodox Philosophy
of Energy that solve fundamental philosophical problem
of search of the basis of ontological unity and grasp the communication
of Gods essence and the process of creating the
synthetic category of «energetical all-unity».

This article analyzes the phenomenon of dissymmetry
from the perspective of materialist dialectics. Paying
attention to the dialectical nature of of dissymmetry and
proving the fact of its universal character the author introduces
the notions D (right) and L (left) into attributive (ontological)
categories. It is for the fi rst time when the phenomenon of
dissymmetry is used for constructing an attributive model of
material object in general. This model expressing the ontological
status of the phenomenon of dissymmetry allows of
building up an attributive model of dissymmetrical or real object
in general which is in the state of constant development
and may be called a dissymmetrical system.

The article is devoted to a relatively new section
of the historical and epistemological cognitive structures
associated with the problems of mathematization of historical
knowledge, their role in this process, the method of mathematical
modeling, consideration of principles, stages and
the effi ciency and types of mathematical models in modern
historical studies. The topicality of the given problems is associated
with the development of the crisis of knowledge in
historical sciences and the need of new views on the principle
of historicism. The author of the work attempts to identify the
need for formalization and mathematization in historical science.

The article reveals the potential of the historical
text in social designing and defi nes the basic channels of
its actualization in social space and its role in communicative
process. Mechanisms of functioning of the historical text in
socio-cultural context, ways of translation of socially signifi -
cant information in time are considered. The possible way of
overcoming the axiological crisis is presented by example of
reference to tradition and its synthesis with innovations. The
historical text is characterized as a form of social consciousness

The article analyzes the notion «spiritual outlook
» in different content spheres: traditional - religious, modern
- universal (temporal) and as an element of the virtual
space. The spiritual outlook as a social value and an essential
attribute of social being is analyzed in the context of social
transformations occurring in modern Russian society. Revealing
the elements of the concept «spiritual outlook» allows of
defi ning the essential characteristics typical for the three dimensions
(aspects) mentioned above.

The article considers the parity of the theory of
post-industrial society and the concept of technological determinism.
The conceptualization of the category «technology»
by various authors of the post-industrial age is analyzed.
On the basis of the analysis of social philosophy evolution
two traditions in the treatment of the nature of techniques
and technology are presented: idealistic and materialistic,
their further development being traced in the theory of postindustrial
society. The author reveals conceptual distinctions
in treatment of technology by D. Bell and M. Castels. The
article grounds the thesis of strengthening a materialistic line
in understanding the techniques by the theorist of the second
«wave» of post-industrialism M. Castels.

This article investigates the reasons for the loss
of leading position by historical knowledge in the system of
humanitarian knowledge during the early twentieth century
crisis of European culture. It concludes that its primary cause
was in the failure of idealistic romanticism to form elite capable
of meeting social challenges. This resulted in social upheaval
and massive re-evaluation of values. Historical knowledge
was forced out to the backstage by new social sciences.

The paper deals with the problem of the study
of citys artistic culture viewed as a system. The topicality of
the problem arises from urbanization and the infl uential role
of cities in modern world. A methodological paradigm is being
formed now to consider a city as a whole object. The article
focuses on systemic and urbanist approaches to the study.
The author considered the strategies to study artistic culture
and its non-artistic aspects in citys cultural fi eld. Citys artistic
life is viewed as a combination of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized
forms of production, preservation and reproduction
of artistic values. The article also shows the methodological
potential of urbanist approaches to study modern citys
artistic culture.

This article aims at revealing the possibility to
use the philosophical theory of a social relay race in the context
of legislative practice as a social and cultural phenomenon.
In modern approaches to a law-making examination it
is considered as a procedure of an offi cial acceptance of a
law project in the main representative body. In this aspect it
is offered to examine the alternative concept, which helps to
enrich the traditional point of view on legislation and make
possible a wider comprehension of this phenomenon.

The article is devoted to the problem of international
interaction under the conditions of multinational region.
The author used professor M. Djunusovs method to describe
the situation in the Irkutsk region. The parity of national
groups in the region by numerical criterion defi nes the index
of mosaic-like national composition. This index infl uences the
degree of probability of internationals contacts. The result of
such contacts is a regional type of culture synthesizing the
lines of culture inherent in each local ethno-type.

The article attempts to analyze the role and
place of philosophemes in the culture system. To achieve this
aim the author uses the concept of cultural code, which is regarded
from four perspectives: ontological, epistemological,
axiological and anthropological. This technique allows for the
possibility of fully revealing the essential and substantial evidence
of philosophemes, as well as the environment in which
it operates.

The article considers the methodological role
of philosophical understanding of freedom and necessity in
order to solve the problems of modern reorganization in Russian
education system. Different problems of educational activity
are analyzed. The author points out the main directions
used to overcome crisis of modern educational and upbringing
system. The article presents the authors classifi cation of
possibilities. Freedom is understood as a conscious choice
between two or several possibilities. The author analyzes the
terms freedom and fortuity.

The article is devoted to a new trend of critical
social theory -radical multiculturalism. As it is shown in the
article one can mark a special trend of radical multiculturalism
within the theory of multicultural society construction.
Unlike liberal multiculturalists the radicals strive not only to
achieve formal legal equality of social cultures, but to reject
radically western cultural values. They call for the development
of original forms of life of ethnic minorities and postcolonial
peoples. The author shortly explicates the main
points of radical multiculturalists and also makes a few critical
remarks to them.

This article presents the authors approach to
the analysis of cultural processes and her defi nition of a dissipative
process in culture. The author determines the dynamics
of the dynamic systems which are in non-balanced
condition and forms the dissipative processes. The illusory
consciousness is the result of confusing the material layers
of human existence refl ected in consciousness (taking one
for another). The article also presents the authors classifi cation
of dissipative processes in culture based on the degree
of scattering of cultural processes. The author introduces the
integral system of philosophical refl ection of dissipative processes
in culture and the reasons for illusory consciousness
formation.

The article examines the main theoretical
approaches to studying the process of globalization that
emerged in the world-system analysis. The given approach
has been developed by F. Brodel, A.G. Frank, I. Wallerstein,
S. Amin, J. Arrighi, Т. Dus Santos and Russian sociologist
V.P. Ilyushechkin. Within the framework of world-system
analysis the mankind is postulated to have endured four integration
cycles which determine the confi guration of modern
globalization. The specifi city of globalization processes of the
early 21st century is that their development is affected by six
ineradicable by their nature factors: force, riches, chaos, identity,
justice and increase in a human family which promote the
formation of a new, unipolar world-system.

The article analyzes the transformation processes
taking place in the activities of scientifi c and educational
schools in a transitional period for scientifi c paradigms. The
author substantiates that it is subject-logical, social, and personal
psychological components of research and educational
activity that are transformed in this period. The article also
argues that the transformation of research and educational
schools during the paradigm shift can be stimulated by such
external factors as ideological pressure, direct government
interference in scientifi c work, etc. The article concludes that
the future development of research and educational schools
following the change of paradigms can be different: they may
either cease to exist or fi nd themselves in a new paradigm, or
continue to maintain the idea of the old paradigm.

The article is concerned with the philosophical
and social analysis of distribution of the aggregate surplus
product under the conditions of international division of labor.
The article gives theoretical grounds for fundamentals
of social contradiction arising from prevailing concentration
of capitals of the capitalist centers in creating new industrial
technologies. It concludes that globalization forms the system
of social and economic relations of dependence of business
entities in connection with their place and role in the unifi ed
system of social production. At the same time, the development
of production technologies cannot substitute a human
being as it is the only medium of live labor indispensable for
social production.

From the standpoint of social philosophy the
article discusses the phenomenon of the technosphere and
its impact on the contemporary society. The study of the
technosphere assumes marking the elements of the internal
structure and external constituents. The concept of waves
by A. Toffl er is taken as a basis to identify periods in the technosphere
development. As a result of this analysis an entirely
new understanding of the technosphere is achieved. The latter
is treated as a special technical reality modifi ed at each
stage of social development. The novelty of this paper is to
review the phenomenon of the noosphere in its connection
with the technosphere. The noosphere is considered a project
of the technosphere, which manifests itself at each stage of
human development.

The article is concerned with the problem of
revision of traditional gender bias by social subjects under
the infl uence of modern social and cultural situation. Gender
representation is considered as a negative tendency in public
relations. The role of communication and mass-media is
considered in provoking gender representations by means of
translation and imposing certain gender signs and symbols.
The concept of gender simulacrum is introduced. The conclusions
are made concerning the infl uence of public opinion on
gender representation.

The idea of symbols as conceptual phenomena
is based on the analysis of socio-cultural practices in a
symbolic aspect. The society forms the content of individual
consciousness by means of organizing socio-cultural
practices and the symbols are very important in this process.
Symbol as a conceptual phenomenon is mostly represented
in religious art and ideology. Basing on the works by S.S.
Averintsev, P. Florensky and Y.N. Trubetzkoy the author
reveals the semantic content of the Russian icon-painting and
temple architecture symbols and defi nes the religious symbol.

The article considers the reasons of occurrence
and development through social-philosophical analysis of the
economic nature of economic man. The characteristics of
economic ideology were identifi ed through the specifi cs of
its carriers, including the existential property of its ideological
unity economic man. The author examines the place and
role of the economic man in social life through social, legal
and cultural consequences of his ideological activity for modern
European culture.

DEONTOLOGICAL NATURE OF POLICE OFFICERS PERSONAL
MORAL PHILOSOPHY

The article deals with the Christian, philosophical
and anthropological views of a remarkable educator and
thinker of the 19th century K.D. Ushinsky who considered the
basic phenomena of human being, such as freedom, will,
happiness and life purpose. According to the author freedom
is valued not by itself, but being directed at a good purpose
and educators role is a key one in molding the freedom of
personality.

The article deals with Thomas Reids biography -
the Scottish school founder of Enlightenment. The object of
biographical study is personality and periodization of Reids
art, in which the problem of common sense takes the central
place. In such a reliance on common sense is the undoubted
value of the Scottish school of philosophizing. In philosophical
and biographical dimension Reids specifi city of creativity also
expressed itself in the fact that he devoted himself to the protection
of common sense philosophy of Humes skepticism
and Berkeleys immaterialism.

The article is concerned with the signifi cance
of exegetic practice in understanding doctrinal texts which
Aurelia Augustine turned into an original form of persons life
comprehension. Later the aspiration to interpreting the word
becomes the fundamental guideline in medieval cogitative
culture. The interpretation of Revelation leads Augustine to
understanding the properties of human mind and spirit. According
to the philosopher, it is through them that cognitive
activity is realized.

The article considers the concept friendship
in views of philosophers of Antiquity and Renaissance. The
concept friendship is studied in the works by Ancient Greek
philosophers (Aristotle, Plato, Diogenes Laertius, Seneca,
Cicero and Plutarch) in comparison with such Eastern thinkers
as Аbu Nasr Farabi, Al-Khorezmi, Ibn-Sina, Kaikovus,
Ahmad Jugnaki, Alisher Navoi and others. Mental values of
the concept friendship and its history of transformation into
a special subject are considered. The author concludes that
the concept friendship was considered as a type of positive
communication between people in ancient philosophy and
this idea was consequently developed in the views of Renaissance
philosophers.

The article considers the views of V.S. Solovyevs
and N.F. Fyodorovs (Russian cosmist philosophers)
on M.Yu. Lermontovs works and personality. In contrast to
V.S. Solovyevs well-known article «Lermontov», N.F. Fyodorovs
objection to his younger contemporary is less studied
and therefore presents considerable interest. The author
reveals points of similarity and differences between the two
philosophers and stresses the fact that their views of the great
Russian poet were largely conditioned by the epochs they
lived in and their own religious and philosophical creeds. In
conclusion the author underlines the importance of V.S. Solovyevs
and N.F. Fyodorovs works for modern study of M.Yu.
Lermontov

The paper deals with the problems of the Vietnamese
Buddhism under the Chan dynasty. The author
investigates the Buddhist infl uence in all areas of political,
social and economic life of this period. The main point of this
article is an assertion that the base role of Buddhism was a
spiritual guideline and system of values for the Vietnamese
government and society of that time.

The paper fi nds it intriguing that many classical
philosophers sought to journalism, as a means of conveying
their philosophical and political views. In the 19th century the
ideas of professional responsibility of journalists, their opposition
to censorship and freedom of speech became no less
topical in western literary-journalistic and socio-cultural environment
than appeals to a struggle for democracy and social
progress.

This article is dedicated to the problem of the
origin of economics. The socio-cultural conditions for the
emergence of a new science are considered: the accumulated
practical knowledge that accompanied the development
of trade, industry, and eventually led to the emergence of a
market economy; theoretical and practical knowledge from
rich literary sources; the Ancient, Medieval and Modern Time
philosophers interest in the ongoing economic processes,
posing questions about these processes, revealing the problems
of meaning and signifi cance of economic events for the
society. The article especially focuses on the Scottish philosophers
of the 17 and 18th centuries F. Hutcheson, D. Hume
and A. Ferguson, the socio-economic views of the latter being
of special importance as well as the views of Adam Smith,
whose ideas show close affi nity between the thinkers.