Aim. To demonstrate multifunctionality and polyfundamentality which constitute understanding of hermeneutical procedure.

Methodology. Reflection of the experience of our activity on the establishment of “real meaning”.

Results. The following concepts are justified: a) the purpose of denotation is correlation – matching, finding a mutual connection between the volumes of concepts and the things displayed by them; b) to carry out denotation means to reify, objectify, materialize, exclude abstractions, finding the area of their phenomenal embodiments.

Research implications. It is shown that the establishment of the subject value by the resource of philosophical (epistemological) semantics, overlapping a rather narrow horizon of the linguistic approach, implies a change of the basic goal orientations of the certification activity from the knowledge of symbol-to the world-centrism in the critical-analytical dichotomization of verbis-rebus.

Aim. To formulate I. A. Ilyin’s understanding of the essence of the state as a subject of law and to identify the main characteristics of its nature.

Methodology. The analysis of I. A. Ilyin’s works devoted to the state as a subject of law was carried out; the features of the state revealed in its theoretical and practical manifestations were highlighted.

Results. Based on the theoretical reconstruction of the ideas of I. A. Ilyin about the state as a subject of law, it is determined that, according to him, the essence of the state is not violence, but rather the inner spiritual community of its people, the unity of their goals and values.

Research implications. This research contributes to clarifying the true essence of the state, understanding its characteristics as a subject of law, as well as the conditions for the implementation of its tasks in the interests of all citizens.

Aim. To identify the factors that reduce trust in expert opinion in the era of digitalization. To analyze the situations confirming the key expert opinion and the facts of their refutation. To update the cases when an incorrect expert conclusion or opinion undermines the authority of an expert or other subjects, which causes doubt in the future and entails the abolition of the institution of professionals.

Methodology. The final conclusions of the article are based on the principles of philosophical, general scientific and interdisciplinary knowledge. Comparative analysis is used for the examples of expert opinions, including erroneous and valid options.

Results. Factors indicating the danger of elimination of expertise as a social institution and social phenomenon are revealed. Using reliable examples, the risks for having an authoritative opinion are identified, as well as the threats to the modern society of the lack of experts and their conclusions, when anyone can consider themselves a specialist without having a relevant education with the help of internet resources.

Research implications. The article describes the features of the information society. The necessity of an authoritative conclusion represented by an expert is proved to prevent false specialists, especially embodied in bloggers, among a undereducated and poorly enlightened population. Moreover, attention is focused on the incorrect conclusion of experts which leads to the undermining of faith in authoritative opinion.

Aim. To substantiate the constructive nature of empirical knowledge in science as an alternative to its understanding as a “reflection” of objective reality.

Methodology. It is shown on the material of the history of science that the scientific interpretation of empirical knowledge a “reflection” of reality contradicts the real history of science. All the structural elements of the empirical level of scientific knowledge (protocol proposals, empirical facts, empirical laws and empirical (phenomenological) theories) are the results of not just active, but also constructive thinking activity aiming at creating an abstract reality and describing it. The main constructive means of thinking for the creation of empirical reality are described. Results. The relative independence of empirical knowledge in relation to both the sensory level of scientific knowledge (observation and experimental data) and in relation to scientific theories is substantiated.

Research implications. Recognition of the constructive nature of empirical cognition requires considering when creating empirical knowledge in science not only experimental data and thinking, but also the will of the scientist as a necessary factor of making a cognitive decision in conditions of ever-present freedom of choice. One of the essential limitations of such freedom is the collective nature of scientific knowledge and the need for the scientific community to develop a certain scientific consensus acceptable to most of its members.

Aim. To analyze what values and assessments are inherent in scientists and what axiological predicateattributive functions sciences have.

Methodology. The study presents a socio-philosophical analysis of the axiological state of modern value-normative systems as the model structures which reflect the moral status of the ideal-attributive properties of science and the value-content core of the scientist's worldview universals. The research methodology is the philosophical and axiological approach to studying the value-semantic imperative in the scientific predicates of the scientist's worldview. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the following theses: values and assessments are inevitably present in natural scientists and sciences; science and scientists are not free from values.

Results. The axiological imperative (in philosophy it means command, absolute demand) predetermines the statutory regulation in science, the nature of the value-semantic worldview core of the scientist. It shows what things or phenomena can be rationally understood and evaluated by a person within the framework of formal axiology or theory of values. Three main types of object-values and their assessment by people are presented, as well as a theoretical superstructure of how values should be ranked in relation to ideal phenomena. This theoretical and methodological justification predetermines the essential feature of the worldview core of natural scientists and their attitude to the sciences.

Research implications. Theoretical material on the research problem is synthesized. The conclusions of the conceptual study contribute to the theoretical and methodological basis of socio-philosophical knowledge. Their relevance lies in the use of the axiological base as a theoretical projection onto the practical superstructure of the implementation of the model range of the value-semantic structure of subjective reality. This will allow us to design a futurological model of the axiological future in relation to the values of science and scientists, to solve the problem of misuse of scientific discoveries. The author concludes that the value-legal status of a scientist characterizes the positive development of science, which is destined to serve for the benefit of mankind. Consequently, the value-legal imperative in the scientific predicates of the worldview implies a moral regulator, the responsibility of scientists, research teams and corporations for their discoveries and the preservation of modern civilization.

Aim. To show the difference between such ecologized directions of philosophical thought as the philosophy of ecology, ecological philosophy, and philosophy of nature.

Methodology. To study this issue, general and specific scientific methods are used including deduction and induction, analysis, synthesis, generalization, philosophical and historical analysis.

Results. The differentiation and conceptualization of the concepts of philosophy of ecology, ecological philosophy and philosophy of nature is carried out, and the specifics of the current stage of ecology development are analyzed.

Research implications. The results of the research prove that modern ecology closely interacts with the sphere of philosophical knowledge, which results in the identification of separate areas – philosophy of ecology, ecological philosophy, philosophy of nature.

Aim. To consider the possibilities of an integrative approach for establishing interdisciplinary and metasubject connections in the system of modern education, based on philosophical methodology.

Methodology. The work was carried out based on systematic and interdisciplinary approaches.

Results. The approach at the level of integrative, interdisciplinary, and meta-subject connections, when used regularly, greatly facilitates the process of studying a particular subject, thus becoming an intellectual and ideological stylobate for the formation of a holistic picture of the world. It builds and consolidates the logic of the subject in the cognitive consciousness, creates the foundation for innovation in the education system.

Research implications. The results of the study can be used to improve the methodological competencies of both teachers at all levels of education and students.

Aim. To identify aspects of the use of AI systems as a form of weapons and identify the challenges and potential risks facing humanity.

Methodology. Philosophical issues related to the implementation of AI systems in the military sphere are considered based on a systematic and interdisciplinary approach. Observations have been made on the aspects related to the weapons equipped with AI systems. The abilities of AI are analyzed in the context of socio-philosophical methodology and in this framework, the consequences for humanity are explored.

Results. The development and use of AI, especially in the military sphere, raises enough concerns of a very different nature. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that studying and understanding the issues of the philosophy of war in comparison with the universal values is becoming critical.

Research implications. This paper analyzes the ontological and ethical aspects of the use of AI in weapons systems and describes the possible social risks for humanity.

Aim. To define the features of tolerance mechanisms functioning in the academia of the Russian Federation.

Methodology. To conduct a philosophical analysis of the mechanisms of tolerance functioning in schools and higher education institutions of the Russian Federation by sampling materials of Russian philosophical and pedagogical discourses.

Results. As part of philosophical analysis, a variety of unique worldview features that characterize the phenomenon of tolerance in Russian education was identified.

Research implications. The conducted research allows to define the primary characteristics of the mechanisms for the functioning of tolerance in Russian academia, as well as to rationalize their difference when compared to the Western phenomenon.

Aim. To show the ways and means of forming patriotism as a factor of state security and identify its role in creating the spiritual immunity of society based on the developed model of the patriotic sentiments development dynamics, the main component of which is positive feedback. To reveal the factors, methods and strategies for the development of patriotism in modern conditions.

Methodology. The methodology is a socio-philosophical analysis of the problem of patriotism formation as a factor of state security, as well as general scientific methods of theoretical knowledge, methods of system analysis, comparison and generalization of the role of spiritual and moral values in creating the spiritual immunity of the country. An important research method is mathematical modeling of the ways and means of developing patriotism in the conditions of a special military operation as a protective feat of our country.

Results. A model of the formation of patriotism as a spiritual immunity of the country and a factor of state security is presented on the basis of positive feedback, the meaning of which is in the share of common components in the revival of vital principles in a person by a sincere change in his inner existence, assimilation of historically accumulated wisdom, understanding the place of the motherland in the world, reducing the influence of other states. The trajectory of fluctuations in the development of patriotism over time will be correlated with the image of state power, since for many people the state is identified with power. Its positive example will contribute to the consolidation of the Russian people. With all the contradictions of building a civil society, a personal image of the “ignition” of a feeling of love for the Motherland is one of the steps towards consolidation.

Research implications. Today the world is in danger of destruction. Patriotism needs to strengthen its internal spiritual strength, which can lead to dialogue, finding a common vector for the development of most countries, which will contribute to their consolidation. The dialogue will not be easy. As an interaction of different cultures, it can be built only if there is a common semantic field - the preservation of the Earth, the development of their countries, their well-being, as well as the desire to learn from each other, look at themselves from the outside, etc. Dialogue as an element of the spiritual immune system of mankind is an objective necessity for the modern world development dynamics. The safety of mankind depends on the stability of its spiritual immunity, which reflects the ability of people to resist the influence of the evil, based on the internal moral law of disposition towards the good, confirmed by personal spiritual experience, the desire to transform the inner world.

Aim. To identify the civilizational foundations of the political unity of post-Soviet states based on the analysis of the values and principles of the semiosphere of the Soviet era.

Methodology. The study is based on the principles of a civilizational approach. The work used the method of semiotic analysis, as well as systemic, dialectical and historical-chronological methods, which together made it possible to determine the most important value characteristics of the symbolic field of the contemporary post-Soviet states.

Results. The role of cultural and civilizational components in the development of Russia's cooperation with the CIS states in the 21st century is shown. The elements of the state symbols of the post-Soviet countries, which have continuity with the symbols of the USSR, are revealed and analyzed. The main factors that contribute to the preservation of the popularity of the Soviet symbolic series are identified: association with the achievements of the past (primarily with the victory in the Great Patriotic War), nostalgia for the old days, as well as the demand for such ideas as a strong state, social equality, confidence in the future, friendship of peoples.

Research implications. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that Soviet symbols have undergone significant de-ideologization over time, as a result of which they are now often perceived outside the communist context as one of the manifestations of a unique civilization – the Russian World. Symbols of the USSR remain popular in the states of the post-Soviet space and, from a practical point of view, can be considered as one of the mechanisms of political and socio-cultural interaction between Russia and neighboring countries.

Aim. To present the authors’ solution to the problem of establishing the probable result of transhumanist transformations of a person.

Methodology. The article provides a philosophical analysis of various concepts of transhumanism. Comparison methods are used, as well as abstraction, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis and mental modeling.

Results. Among the numerous concepts of transhumanism, the authors identified two groups: a group of moderate transhumanist teachings and a group of the radical ones. Moderate transhumanists believe that the result of the modification of human nature will be a neo-human who will preserve and develop the human essence while modifying its material carrier. According to radical transhumanists, the result of the application of NBICS-convergent technologies will be a hypothetical posthuman with the essence different from an unmodified human. The posthuman will share the worldview of radical transhumanism, which is fundamentally different from humanism. The authors show that only radical transhumanism is incompatible with humanism. This circumstance is not considered by bioconservatives who do not recognize the need for transformations in human nature. Hypothetical variants of the creature of the future are considered: a genetically modified and technically improved individual, a nanocyborgized individual and a virtual digital (incorporeal) individual.

Research implications. The results obtained allow humanity to make a choice in favor of moderate transhumanism. Humanity will not accept its own disappearance, even if it results in the emergence of a new kind of sentient beings. Our future is not a posthuman, but a neohuman – an individual with a human essence and a physical body.