The process of formation of social form of motion of matter is natural
product of singular Universe. Evolution physico-chemical processes, taking place on
the Earth, are highly complicated interactions, from simple elementary forms of life
to the most complicated biological organisms. Due to unity, integrity and collectivity
which exist in nature, on the basis of instrumental activity (labour) human society
was being formed, in consequence this society was able to rise over nature, which begot
it, so that it could command it. Remaining in the limits of existence of the certain
form of matter motion, it is difficult to reveal the laws of its beginning. It is necessary
to begin analysis of a certain form of matter motion with investigation of the highest
level of development of the previous form, but not with the social form which is proper
interesting for us. If we consider the formation of society and a human being beginning
with use of labour implements by anthropomorphous creatures, then it is impossible
on principle to find out the sources of human origin, being guided only by an-
thropogenic factor. A social community exists before being of an individual, though it
is represented by individuals, who form and change it. Collectivity, unity, integrity,
stability give possibility to exist to an individual.

Usually Husserl is considered like a founder of modern theory of semantics
categories, so, to my mind, so important to consider basic points of Husserl's
conception. By Husserl we discover and examine two groups category of meaning: categories
of pure meanings not dependent on natural languages, and really categories
of natural language which in modern logic nominate semantics categories. The first
group is determinative, so the second group is depend of it.

The article offers a model of the interdisciplinary and world outlook
consideration of the social theory, as well as performs an attempt to synthesize
them. The inner foreshortening makes it possible to trace the basic interpretations of
ontology and methodology of the social (opposition action - structure, objectivism
- subjectivism), the outer - to correlate the formation of the social theory with transformations
in the notions about the scientific rationality. The main conclusion of the
work lies in the rightfulness of the correlation of the model classical - nonclassical
- postnonclassical rationality with social science paradigms under consideration.

the Reason of occurrence and the nature of time paradoxes interested
many researchers, there was possible a creation of set of paradoxes on the sample for
the first time specified by Aristotle. Occurrence of paradoxes can be connected or with
the valid discrepancy of the phenomenon of time, or with its incorrect understanding,
or that the logic applied to it or ontology do not answer its nature. Time the same as
also the true, is a source of paradoxes connected with self-applicability. As soon as
there is a philosophy as soon as it is made out in the conceptual plan then there is a
question on essence of time. Time studying is a driving element for natural sciences
and ontology. Time is a source of the numerous paradoxes connected with singularity
of the object of research and problematical character of its theoretical expression.

Since an antiquity epoch, human informative activity began to be made
out in the form of programs. Such programs appeared in the field of knowledge, however
the purpose had the practical. The methodology of epistemological programs represents
a new way of studying of essence of time. In the methodological plan it is necessary
to carry out its comparison with other methods of studying of a science, in particular,
with such methods of historical school, as a paradigm and the research program. The
methodology of epistemological programs classifies a science and scientific activity on
other bases. As a result of this approach it appears that the historical school of studying
of a science represents an example not absolutely successful and not finished program.
The problems of programs of historical school it is connected, first of all, by that
during its evolution the science has appeared the same form of public consciousness,
as religion and church. Hence, the science has lost the specificity on which basis it has
been allocated, exists and carries out special functions in our world. As to the theory
of research programs of Lakatos it has appeared not scientific, and not research. The
concept of the program is wider than the approach offered and realised by Lakatos.

Object of article is the image of national religiousness appearing in
numerous concepts from an antiquity and up to now, however remaining actual for
researchers, politicians and leaders конфессиональных movements on each period of
history. A subject of this article is attempt of the transbaikalian author to consider an
image of "national religiousness» in concepts philosophical and scientific concepts devoted
to the description of "national religion». In article the maintenance of antique
and Christian versions, to the point of view of educators, and also secular concepts of
national religiousness which represent comprehensively and complex illumination of
the given phenomenon of spiritual culture is short considered. Article result is the
conclusion of the author that the variety each other the modern points of view on national
religiousness should not put the purpose of rejection achievements of previous
stages of development of a science. The important position is promotion of the requirement
of studying of concrete social displays of different traditions of "religiousness",
instead of attempts of revealing of the general base ideas lying, in their basis. In our
opinion national religiousness requires carrying out of constant researches with use
of complex techniques of the theoretical analysis, the ethnographic description and
sociological interrogation. As shows the spent review, by this time there was a theoretical
base for carrying out of such researches.

Article is devoted complex statement of a problem of fault as special
form инкультурации to the person. The special attention is turned on the scientifically-
methodological characteristic of principles of the scientific analysis of this problem.
The fault phenomenon is considered as display of spiritual culture of the person,
as a cultural-ontologic problem.

This article gives a concept analysis of national identity in globalized
world. The main feature of the position of the author is that the concept of national
identity is methodologically productive as the paradigm of human development, especially
in conditions of socio-cultural transformations. We define national identity
as correlation of groups and individuals with particular community of citizens of a
sovereign state. The phenomenon of national identity is covered by forms and ways of
functioning identificational mechanisms, connected with controversial processes of
globalization.

The author, apply principles of nonequilibrium development of complex
systems, opens internal and external culture structure. The culture represents
the system of universals on the one hand, and mobile imbalance on the other hand,
defined by senses and designations.
According to the author, the analyse of cultural universals structure will allow,
to open determination processes of culture. A culture appears as correlation of idea
and object is in consciousness. In In consciousness the field of culture appears as formation
of sense of life. Cultural universals as such is based on a comprehension by a
man itself and the surrounding world and translation of this comprehension in abstraction,
in steady character, allotted, as a rule, by separate different lines and having
different possibilities for development. The subject side of life, certain cultural
universals, can be presented as plugging in itself four basic varieties of object: things
(instruments), symbols, signs and maximum signs. Otherwise speaking framework
of culture there are universals. To cultural universals take a language, joint activity,
things and objects, signs and maximum signs. The distinctive side of modern cultural
situation become the displacement of levels of cultural structure. The repeated
symbolizing of material side goes out on the first plan. Things are already not only
things (instruments), and find the supersemantic setting. Calling again to the marked
problem, we can distinguish, that most researchers are named the increasing role of
subject side of life as one of basic signs of modern culture. As a culture for a man is
the determinative field of life, so consideration of management methods of culture is
most actual. The author offers management concept of cultural processes through the
system of cultural space hard structuring. The reflection of consciousness can become
basis of such structuring. Effective management by the frames of society is, foremost
correct ranging of structure through facilities of culture. Management of the cultural
processes must avoid an artificial stretch or compression of cultural field. Permanent
reflection and clear structuring will allow to avoid situation of displacement of cultural
universals. Processes, flowing in a culture take appropriate character. There are
processes which reflect forming of new culture forms, other processes expose correlation
of internal and external in a culture system. But there are processes which result
in destruction of culture. There are dissipative processes. Conscious reflection and
structuring of the cultural field will allow to avoid the origin of these processes.

Transition of public systems to a new phase of the development is accompanied
by crisis, astable, inconsistent conditions, which it is necessary to study,
realise and develop system of the adaptable educational measures promoting successful
inclusion the person in public system and its existence «in the nature». In Russian
philosophical science socialisation of the person should prepare the person for stable
development in a society, but now it is necessary to create a new adaptable model developing
the person, capable to accustom it to independence is required, to responsibility,
a free choice.

The article is devoted usage of lack of the form and marking in modernist
and postmodernist art for drive of new senses and new (diverse) metaphysics. Aesthetic
and ontological analysis of following versions is carried out: 1) vacuum - marking
for a non-existence, anything and vacuum; 2) vacuum - marking for consciousness
and crop phenomena; 3) vacuum - marked, marking - the rigorous form of the sign; 4)
vacuum - marking without meaned; 5) not hollow marking without meaned. Colorable
and hollow nature of tongue of postmodernist art is marked.

In modem linguistic practice the word cult has all-absorbing meaning;
we talk about the cult in policy, mass culture, science, art and education, but in
spite of this we can see the question in philosophy and science about what public life
phenomenon determines the term cult open. In this article the problems of origin
and development of cult reality are researched. Cult reality is the phenomenon totality
- cult imaginations, acta, and cuit expressing subjects, cult providing objects. In
the course of research the author determines cult as some specific property of reality
existence. Cult quality is stipulated by cult awareness, but at the same time cult
quality- forms cult awareness. / The author considers the cult as the inversion system
of interaction of the cult object and cult awareness. Cult J quality as individual
awareness function is expressed in object worship and as the result the object gets
cult quality properties. Cult quality as the objects structure - is its properties rising
individual worship feeling. Inversion in cult reality is the process special decoding of
intersubjective reality, in that the cult quality is as structure and reality function.

Scientifically developed strategic line of the future development of the
Russian Federation is necessary now. The educational system is the major factor of a
professional training, motive power of economic growth and increase of efficiency and
competitiveness of a well-being of nation. Formation should use the potential for consolidation
of a society, preservation uniform социокультурного spaces, overcomings
of ethnonational intensity and social conflicts. The decision of these important problems
can provide only quality formation. Value of educational system is measured by
its quality and the importance in a state policy and the relation of public structures to
formation. The philosophical analysis of categories Quality, Quantity, measure
allows to solve actual problems of a modern Russian education adequately: perfection
of curriculums, techniques of training of teachers and tutors, high-grade realisation
of the national project Education .

The article is about the processes of cultural dynamics and their symbolic
element. The author analyses different conditions of cultural dynamics and correlates
them with the conditions of symbolic field. Relying on the U.M. Lotmans researches,
the author of the article proves the symbolic factor in mechanism of cultural
development.

Different forms of fictional activism are considered in the article in
the context of the Homo Somaticos problem. The interest of the contemporary art towards
human body as an object of fictional influence is being interpreted as a reaction
to long-standing dominance of the transcendental subject in the metaphysically
oriented Western culture. Contemporary art, being a source and, at the same time,
a generating environment, wherefrom new sensual perceptions originate, promotes
rehabilitation of the sensual basis in the human being, thereby outlining the means
available for the latter, as far as his or her integrity achievement is concerned.

In this article the author opens сultural-philosophical aspects of virtuology
- the new scientific direction which problem is complex studying of a virtual
problematics with allocation of its general philosophy, structures, a theoretical and
practical kernel, research directions. Within the limits of this direction the virtual
problematics is considered at three problem levels - virtuality, a virtual reality and
virtual technologies. Computer virtual technologies which become today a technological
basis of development of a modern civilisation, are studied within the limits of the
technological approach which is a basis of theoretical virtuology.

The article deals in opposition between theory and practice within the
issue of romanticism and practice correlation in the philosophy of Nietzsche. The primary
bond between theory and practice is accelerated in mythology which is deemed
as practice of the live word. Romanticism in its attempt to revive mythology does not
achieve the designated goal, for it does not focus on the destruction of the language
structures formed in the myth. Nietzsche does achieve this aim. The live word is not
yet obvious as it is concealed from us by the existent culture, however the tendency
of harmonization of Nietzsches philosophy and practice as the practice of the live
word is obvious.

Аnalysis of transfer by tradition to master Fúzhôu Niútóu Wçi. This
research is part of the field problems people-tradition and examines a piece of philosophical
and religious heritage Chan-Buddhist school Niútóu Chán. In the network
hermeneutic analysis of discussion Fúzhôu Niútóu Wçi and Qîng Wǔ Tóu Zǐ disclose
Buddhistic views on the practice of selfless devotion and considering the essence of
the principle without essence dharms. This dialogue is evidence of transfer by tradition
from Qîng Wǔ Tóu Zǐ to Fúzhôu Niútóu Wçi. Then analysis concluding proposition
of conversation Yíng Shân Yín about fundamental basis of practice of selfless, which
used in Niútóu Cháns (in present Fúzhôu Niútóu Wçi) school. The end of this research
is the conclusion summary information received.

The article is devoted to slavery in the works of Roman philosopher
Cicero, yielding a wealth of material for the study of this issue. Despite the fact that
the information contained in the works of the philosopher, are fragmented, they have
an absolute value and help to identify a number of key issues faced by scientists.
Regulations on the source of slavery many times it became the object of the study
nevertheless far in the opinion of historians have differences. Sources of slavery has
long been established, but remains a controversial question about the importance of
each of them. Until now, the question of the most important source of slavery, which
are in the I. BC. Oe. War and domestic slavery, remains controversial.
Despite the fact that Cicero's message about the war as a source of slavery are
rare, but they are quite sufficient to conclude the significant role of the war to increase
the number of Roman slaves. Another way of acquiring slaves was piracy. In
speeches on Manilievom law and against Verres Cicero very colorfully depicts the misery
inflicted by the pirates. Cicero's speech for Caecina leads allowed cases of enslavement
of free men. Enslaving free non-citizens, too, was illegal, but apparently they
have not always been able to defend their rights before the Roman court. In Cicero
only once mentions the right of ownership of a debt promise, but the conversation was
not going to servant. Cicero cites many examples of the sale of slaves, the attack on
foreign slaves in quiet and in war, but since this is an elementary move slaves from one
owner to another, and not the source of slavery, the attention of Cicero on these issues
have no special significance.
Comparing the data of Cicero with other literary sources, we can conclude that
external sources of slavery were central to outside Rome I,. BC. Oe.
Cicero raises questions not only the social plan, but also cultural problems, which
at that time were made on the periphery of the philosophy of science. These include,
above all, the problem of understanding culture. It is from Cicero is the origin of the
concept humanitas (human dignity) - prerequisite humanism. A true culture lies to
Cicero in a certain way of life, in which the interests of the state and the spiritual life
are undeniable unity.