Aim. To reveal ontological potential of M. Heidegger’s concept of being-towards-death and to substantiate its reinterpretation as a specific mode of mastering time within the horizon of contemporary social-cultural and technological transformations.

   Methodology. The study is based on a systemic approach, which made it possible to consider the concept of being-towards-death as a universal mechanism of time organization, integrated into social and institutional practices.

   Results. It has been established that the concept of being-towards-death functions as a universal mechanism of time structuring. The creation of stable symbolic systems becomes a way of mastering time, extending existence beyond life and integrating it into cultural tradition.

   Research implications. The study expands the boundaries of philosophy by demonstrating the potential of the concept of being-towards-death for analyzing contemporary challenges.

   Aim. To reveal the value of the ideas presented by Russian philosophers on understanding the specificity of the Russian civilizational tradition and overcoming the universalist approach in the Russian education system.

   Methodology. The study was conducted using a local-civilizational approach, historical, comparative and hermeneutic methods, as well as figurative and logical modeling.

   Results. The results obtained can serve as a basis for both understanding difficulties of the key differences in the Russian tradition and a need to form an authentic theoretical and methodological toolkit, as well as a conceptual basis, for its further development in public consciousness and educational programs, despite the country’s reorientation from the model of a nation-state to the model of a state-civilization. As an alternative to the key values of Western civilization, such as individualism, human rights and freedoms, and market competition (which have become the foundation of liberal theory and capitalism), the concept of conciliarity, the idea of service, and the principle of cooperative efforts have been proposed.

   Research implications. The issues raised in the article are of significant importance for Russia’s policy on state identity and the subsequent transformation of the educational process and the revision of curricula in the entire range of social-humanitarian disciplines.

   Aim. To reveal and explicate the concept of being-in-situation in the complex of philosophical ideas of the French thinker Gabriel Marcel.

   Methodology. A genealogical study of Marcel’s concept of situation in comparative consideration of similar concepts in Jaspers, Heidegger, and Sartre is conducted using the method of systemic and structural analysis and the hermeneutics of original texts. The content of this concept is explicated in the terminology of Gabriel Marcel, and the connection with other categories from the vocabulary of the French thinker is revealed.

   Results. The concept of being-in-situation is identified as one of the central concepts within the concept of incarnation as the starting point in the existential philosophy of Gabriel Marcel.

   Research implications. The application areas of the concept situation meanings are defined, types of situations are identified, and existential ethical requirements are specified.

   Aim. To identify the ideological prerequisites, reasons, and conditions for the formation of emigration from Russia during the Civil War of 1918–1922 and after it in their philosophical understanding.

   Methodology. The study was conducted using a systems approach, historical and philosophical reconstruction, and hermeneutics.

   Results. It has been established that one of the most striking examples of the operation of dialectical philosophical development laws is the revolutionary events of 1917 in Russia and the ensuing Civil War, which triggered an unprecedented scale of Russian emigration abroad.

   Research implications. The results of the study can be used to improve the historical and philosophical competencies of both teachers and students of philosophy disciplines.

   Aim. To comprehend problematic relationship of man and his own body as the cause of the emergence of an economic crisis associated with the unconscious processes of his destructive self-determination, conducting historical and philosophical analysis of Jacques Lacan’s creative legacy.

   Methodology. This study was carried out using methods of dialectical and hermeneutic analysis based on a systems approach.

   Results. The study established that human corporeal existence manifests itself in three dimensions that universally determine the psyche: the Real, the Imaginary and the Symbolic. The human body is a fate-ful manifestation of its self-determination, which occurs unconsciously through the desire of the Other, with whom its body is identified and accordingly leveled, remaining unrecognized by itself. Human economic activity is associated with the unconscious search for unlimited pleasure, which is located beyond its own body in the Other, symbolically identified with the desired Capital, as the dominant Name-Father, figuratively personifying the loving, caring and protective maternal principle, as a support commensurate, according to Lacan, with an excessive source of providing pleasure (jouissance), which cannot be found otherwise than through repeated self-denial, leading a person to death.

   Research implications. The obtained results of the research conducted contribute both to the specific understanding of the changing crisis processes of human economic activity, and especially to the understanding of the functioning of his desires at the level of the unconscious dimension, concentrated in his own body.

   Aim. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of a basic income (BI) as a multifaceted social-economic mechanism, systematizing positive key arguments and the potential risks of its implementation in the context of structural changes in the labor market initiated by the development of AI technologies.

   Methodology. A wide range of theoretical arguments, grouped by thematic areas (economics, social psychology, politics), were primarily analysed in the study. In addition to a comparative analysis of pros and cons, a consideration of the practical aspects of the design and financing of a BI based on existing theoretical models and existing experiments was also used in the study.

   Results. It has been established that a BI can represent a comprehensive measure with significant potential as a tool for adaptation to automation, economic stabilization, and “cognitive liberation.” Significant risks, including inflation, budget deficits, social segmentation, a crisis of labour identity, and the potential for political abuse, were also identified.

   Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study consists in systematizing disparate arguments about BI into a coherent, multifaceted model, which updates and structures the problematic field. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying key challenges for BI design (financing, benefit size, combating stigma), which can serve as a basis for developing specific policy solutions and applied experiments.

   Aim. To identify the reasons why anthropological conservatives (bio-conservatives) reject transhumanism and to assess the possibility of developing a consolidated approach to the problem of improving human nature.

   Methodology. A systems approach and methods of hermeneutics, mental modeling, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, and comparison were used to describe the positions of anthropological conservatism, moderate transhumanism, and radical transhumanism.

   Results. It is shown that some anthropological conservatives reject transhumanism, not considering the presence of moderate transhumanism within the transhumanist movement. Other critics of transhumanism believe that there is no fundamental difference between moderate and radical transhumanism, as both constitute unacceptable interference in human nature. They don’t consider that moderate transhumanists envision human perfection within the limits of their essence, while the latter believe that there should be no restrictions during the transformation process, and that the application of NBIC-technologies should ultimately result in the emergence of a new intelligent being that is posthuman. Such critics consider the program of radical transhumanism unacceptable, since it would lead to the extinction of humanity. In this regard, the author’s interpretation of moderate transhumanism coincides with a general understanding of anthropological conservatism. It has been established that technological influences on humans can be of three types: 1) therapeutic effects (bringing a body condition to the species norm); 2) improving effects (increasing human capabilities beyond the species norm, but within the limits of its essence); 3) effects of radical transformation of a person, leading to the emergence of a post-human. Radical transhumanists approve the use of all three types, moderate transhumanists – the first and second types, secular and bio-conservatives – only the first type, i. e., therapeutic influences. It is concluded that the anthropological conservatism position is not accepted due to impossibility to eliminate the genetically determined negative qualities of humans, which serve as the underlying mental cause of the deepening global crisis of civilization, without technological enhancement.

   Research implications. The use of the obtained results contributes to the achievement of a consensus on the optimal scenario for the transformation of human nature required to overcome the general civilizational crisis.

   Aim. To analyze and systematize the experience of understanding traditional values in Russian pre-revolutionary philosophy and the philosophical conceptions of post-revolutionary emigration. To highlight the concepts and ideas that are substantively correlated with the list of traditional spiritual and moral values officially recognized in modern Russia. To present the experience of Russian philosophers’ interpretation of values as a worldview foundation for their modern interpretations, which greatly contributes to understand their meaning and significance.

   Methodology. The most important aspects of Russian pre- and post-revolutionary philosophy related to the reflection of traditional values are consistently revealed, including such ideas as the recognition of the fundamental role of patriotism and a sense of homeland in shaping the national mentality and mature self-awareness (I. A. Ilyin), the primacy of the spiritual over the material (N. A. Berdyaev), the unprecedented significance of universal human solidarity (A. S. Khomyakov), and the collectivist principles of community, conciliarity (I. V. Kireyevsky), and all-unity (V. S. Solovyov). The study uses analysis and synthesis methods to identify values relevant to the modern list in the tradition of Russian philosophy; a comparative method to compare modern interpretations of traditional values and their reflection in the works of Russian philosophers; and historical, systemic, and dialectical methods to present the identified values in their unity, diversity, interdependence, and historical evolution.

   Results. The study shows that the traditional values that have been established in modern Russia have a long history of formation, including within the framework of the tradition of Russian pre- and post-revolutionary philosophy, in which traditional values have undergone their own philosophical testing long before their modern actualization. The analysis of the reflection of value issues presented in the concepts of Russian philosophers made it possible to identify a number of key concepts that fully coincide with the formulations of the legally established list of traditional values (patriotism, the primacy of the spiritual over the material), as well as those that are closely related to them (Motherland, conciliarity, community, all-unity, and solidarity). These concepts were analyzed considering the philosophical heritage of I. A. Ilyin, N. A. Berdyaev, V. S. Solovyov, A. S. Khomyakov, and I. V. Kireyevsky.

   Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it identifies those traditional spiritual and moral values that have their own worldview foundation in the conceptions of Russian pre- and post-revolutionary philosophy. Based on the ideas of famous Russian philosophers, the study analyzes patriotism, collectivism, and the primacy of the spiritual over the material. The practical significance of the study consists in the fact that it addresses issues that are closely related to the implementation of strategic national priorities in modern Russia. The philosophical understanding of the traditional values analyzed in this study contributes to the strengthening of civil unity and the spiritual, historical, and cultural development of Russia’s multinational people.

   Aim. To identify the political dimensions of the security culture and analyze its role in the processes of state power legitimization.

   Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is formed by critical discourse analysis cooperated with M. Foucault’s concept of bio-power, as well as the theories of W. Beck and Z. Bauman about risk society.

   Results. It is demonstrated that security culture is not a neutral set of practices, but rather a politicized construction employed in constructing threats, normalizing emergency measures, and technologizing social control. The analysis reveals the dual nature of safety culture, which simultaneously functions as a precondition for freedom and as an instrument of its limitation, giving rise to a social-philosophical tension between the imperative of security and the principles of democracy and personal autonomy.

   Research implications. The author introduces and elucidates the concept of the “political grammar of security,” which delineates the way security discourse functions as a discursive mechanism through which authority is legitimized and power is institutionalized.

   Aim. To draw the attention of the scientific community and practitioners to the contemporary challenge of the emergence of a man of conduct in social and economic life and the new problems associated with this phenomenon. To substantiate the non-random nature of this development and demonstrate the logical connection between a man in revolt, an absurd man, and a man of conduct.

   Methodology. The reliability and comprehensiveness of the study are ensured by dialectical approach, which makes the analysis of internal contradictions possible, and a systematic approach, which consid-
ers the multi-level nature and institutional nature of economic and organizational relations. The methods of scientific abstraction and theoretical modeling were also used.

   Results. The most important conclusions of the study were an explanation of current events from a behavioral perspective, a justification for a comprehensive study of this phenomenon, and the need to improve economic management mechanisms by incorporating a behavioral component. The significance of implementing the study’s findings lies in improving the effectiveness of management activities and creating conditions for breakthrough economic development in Russia.

   Research implications. The study demonstrates that to avoid collapse, the economy must be prepared for a breakthrough development scenario and restructure accordingly. To achieve this, the study proposes a qualitative change in working conditions as the primary focus of economic restructuring and substantiates the need to restore labor to its natural component that is creativity.

   Aim. To examine the priorities of national goal setting within the paradigm of great challenges.

   Methodology. The primary methods used were traditional analysis of scientific facts collected by representatives of various social and humanitarian disciplines, source research, comparative analysis of philosophical strategies, logical analysis techniques, and methods of scientific abstraction and generalization.

   Results. The review of fundamental concepts and principles conducted in this work is essential for the development of a philosophical theory of society. Civilizational identity becomes the primary focus of great challenges, the preservation of which is a necessary condition for survival and civilizational development, contrary to traditional notions in the context of global crises and social upheavals, external expansions, and natural disasters.

   Research implications. The recognition of the advent of a new historical stage in the development of social and philosophical thought, its analysis, and generalization have significant theoretical significance in modern times and also complement the picture of the interaction between technology and society in the context of the transition to a new technological order.

   Aim. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of digital utopia as an object of research in social philosophy that emerged in the 21^st century, as well as the management technologies used in it.

   Methodology. The research is based on a system approach using content analysis and comparative analysis.

   Results. The author’s definition of digital utopia is formulated; it is considered as a social project inherently linked to modern management technologies. The ambivalent nature of management technologies significant for the formation of digital utopia is revealed – they realize the ideal of a “transparent” and secure society, but also create a system of total control, digital inequality, and a new type of social coercion.

   Research implications. The author concludes that within the framework of a digital utopia, modern humans are increasingly transforming into a new type of individual – Homo informaticus – whose life practices and decisions depend on algorithmic solutions and information flows provided by the system. The study underscores the necessity of a humanitarian assessment of digitalization to minimize the risks of losing autonomy, privacy, and human identity.

   Aim. Western concepts of social justice with a focus on their gender dimensions and assesses their applicability to the Chinese context are analysed in the study.

   The relevance of the work is determined by the global challenges of social and gender inequality, as well as the need to find a balance between traditions and modernization.

   Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of comparative philosophy, intercultural analysis, historical, philosophical and conceptual analysis, the methodology of feminist criticism, including criticism of androcentrism.

   Results. It has been revealed that direct borrowing of Western theories in China is complicated, but their critical revision considering Confucian values, socialist principles and local gender norms can contribute to the development of a more balanced model of social and gender justice.

   Research implications. The work contributes to intercultural philosophical dialogue and the search for alternative social paradigms that consider the gender dimension.