Aim. The article aims at proving that the concepts of time and space are categories supporting universality and legality of Rubinstein's ontological approach. Methodology. The article is the second part of the research presenting the architectonics of Rubinstein's philosophical and anthropological ontological paradigm. In the research historical, comparative, axiological and teleological, as well as complex and systemic approaches to the analysis of the phenomenon of consciousness were used. Results. The outcome of the second part of the study is the identification of the functional role of the fundamental and specific capabilities of consciousness, a conclusion is made about its spatiotemporal function as a special way of human existence in the World. Research implications. The results of the study demonstrate an attempt to rethink Rubinstein’s concept of consciousness at a new stage of the development of the Russian philosophical studies of personality.

Aim. The aim of the article is to compare the paradigmatic essence of the works of S. Rubinstein and his followers with the modern concept of "knowledge society". Methodology. The research aims at examining the development of S. Rubinstein’s pedagogical ideas in contemporary Russian philosophical psychology, in the theory of "life strategy" by K. A. Abulkhanova; updating the philosophical issues of the formation of a individual life strategy. In the research, the following methods are used: historical, comparative sociological, ideographic, nomothetic analysis; hermeneutical interpretation procedure. Results. The analysis shows that "Rubinstein’s paradigm" is a humanistic paradigm of "moral society" which should replace the paradigm of "knowledge society". Research implications. The theoretical value of the study is in rethinking "Rubinstein's paradigm" at a new stage of the development of Russian humanistic science.

Aim. The article aims at identifying the features of military-technical cooperation from the point of view of social philosophy. Methodology. The methodology of the article is based on a systemic approach and includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction), as well as special methods: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; historical analysis method. The role of military-technical cooperation as a structural element of political society is analyzed. Results. The growth of military-technical cooperation between Russia and foreign countries in a geopolitical context is associated with a new stage in the global confrontation with the West in response to aggressive actions by the Anglo-Saxon civilization. Research implications. The conducted research helps to supplement and clarify the essence of the concept of “political society”; as well as the place of military-technical cooperation in the structure of modern Russian political society.

Aim. To identify the main components of the content of the regulators of the organization of practice-oriented university education, when the conditions and factors of development of all social aspects are rapidly changing. Methodology. The article identifies the reasons that prevent the formation of practice-oriented education at universities, as well as the analysis and evaluation of the regulators that should be applied in the creation of the educational process corresponding to the stated type of education. Results. The work clarifies the content of a number of regulators related to the methodology of organizing the educational process in the universities of countries, disclosed their main components, revealed the actual role of the principles of the organization of training and education processes at the university in solving the problems of training competent graduates, able to effectively engage in professional activities, taking into account the requirements of public practice of the country and the world as a whole. Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the methodology of the organization of social entities, as well as to the practice of educational activities of universities.

Aim. The article analyzes the problem of the crisis of spiritual values, characterizes the spiritual situation in modern Russia and the world; through the prism of various philosophical approaches, considers the phenomenon of «value» and its specific manifestations - freedom, justice, equality, humanism. Methodology. An experience of historical and philosophical heritage, including I. Kant’s doctrine of moral imperatives and the neo-Kantian conception of the transcendent nature of values, is involved to consider fully and to resolve the problem of the spiritual values crisis. Results. The leading philosophical conceptions related to the studying of values are recognized as universal regulators of the moral image of human and humanity. Their development is a necessary condition for overcoming the crisis of spirituality, bringing up the truly moral goals, values, beliefs in a human. Research implications. lie in an attempt to solve the crisis of spiritual values. To this end, criticism of modern value deviations is being made. The condition for overcoming them is recognized as the adoption of a complex of dialectically interconnected traditional values of culture.

Aim. The article is concerned with the study of socio-cultural and socio-historical conditions that brought the representatives of Russian religious and academic theism of the late 19th - early 20th centuries to the discussion of «family issue». Methodology. The author, based on research and archival materials, analyzes the conditions for the transformation of the traditional Russian family, describes the main points of discussion on family and marriage in the Russian society of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, determines the reasons for the involvement of the representatives of Orthodox philosophy in this discussion. The research is based on the principles of historicism and consistency and uses the method of materialistic dialectics. Results. The author concludes that the socio-cultural changes caused by the development of capitalist relationships in the Russian Empire caused the need for Orthodox philosophers to address the problems of family and marriage, to rethink them at the ideological and philosophical levels. Research implications consist in the analysis of archival documents and publications on the problems of family and marriage in the Russian philosophy of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Тhe article is addressed to researchers engaged in the history of Russian spiritual and academic philosophy.

Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the rationalistic, phenomenological and mystical methods of knowledge practiced by Russian religious philosophy in their synthesis. Methodology. The study is based on the fundamental principles of historical and philosophical research: the principle of historicism, which makes it possible to obtain a truly scientific assessment of the phenomena under study only when they are analyzed in the context of a certain era and theoretical system; the principle of ideological and theoretical continuity, which makes it possible to consider the development of the methodological process within the framework of Russian religious philosophy as an integral phenomenon, a consistent, coordinated connection between different stages of the theoretical development of religious and philosophical thought; the principle of concreteness, which requires tracing the refraction of the methodological trends of different stages of Russian philosophy in the concepts of individual philosophers. Results. Though Russian religious philosophers interpreted mystical experience as the experience of the transcendent, as a method of understanding the highest truth, they did not only oppose this method to rational thinking but combined and synthesized both into a paradoxical unity. Such authors as V. Solovyov, P. Florensky, S. Bulgakov and N. Lossky argued that rational and empirical knowledge, which forms the basis of science, is insufficient and, based on the idea of total unity (vseedinstvo), they proposed to obtain pure, undifferentiated and existentially reliable knowledge through religious experience. Research implications. The study of the methodological layer of Russian religious thought can expand a conceptual framework for further development of religious and philosophical knowledge, and the conclusions drawn from the research can help in understanding the ways of modern science development.

Aim. Analysis of the phenomenon of digital globalization as a new phase in the development of the global world determined by the evolution of digital technologies and the emergence of digital economy. Methodology. The article accentuates and analyzes prerequisites and main aspects of digital globalization, including the achievements of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence technologies, global data and information flows, digital platforms and e-commerce. The following research methods were used: dialectical, prognostic and comparative, which allowed to form a full view of modern globalization, its problems and prospects. Results. Globalization in the 21st century has got a digital character by increasing data flows. Digital globalization entails changes in the structure of business making, the status of its participants, and the trans-border expansion of economic relations and communications. Research implications. The article contains a hypothesis about the changing character of present globalization. While financial flows and traditional trade in goods at a global level are reducing due to COVID-19 pandemic, global economic ties in the digital format are significantly expanding.

Aim. The article aims at determining the place and role of philosophy in digital age, refuting the opinion of the lack of demand for philosophical and, more broadly, humanitarian knowledge in modern society striving to train highly professional, but narrow-profile specialists. Methodology. The article consistently analyzes the problems of digitalization in the context of philosophical reflection, reveals the socio-humanitarian strategy of digitalization, and focuses on deviations in the development of scientific knowledge and education system in Digital Age. Results. The article criticizes a widely-spread educational approach of making «one-dimensional man», as well as relativism that deprives a human of worldview certainty. It is concluded that philosophy is able to resist relativism in Digital Age. Research implications. The article substantiates that humanitarian education, practically unclaimed in modern digital society, should retake its position. The significance of philosophy is due to its inherent ability to generate new ideas, implement critical reflection, and give a common sense assessment of every current event.

Aim. The aim of the article is to show the role of imagination in various types of activities by example of artistic and technical activities. Methodology. The article analyzes the concept of imagination as a category of metaphysics, theory of knowledge, theory of activity and philosophy of technology. Results. A transcendental semiotic method of describing imagination as a condition and environment of any activity is proposed. It is shown that the form of realization of imagination in technical activity is invention, and in artistic activity - fiction. The author reveals the heuristic potential of Friedrich Dessauer's concept of « the fourth kingdom» in solving the problem of identifying the ontological foundations of imagination in technical and artistic activities. Research implications. The article summarizes the material on the theory of imagination in artistic and technical activities. The results of this summarization and transcendental semiotic interpretation of the data can be the basis for prospective research on topics related to the philosophy of creativity.

Aim. The article aims at revealing the heuristic possibilities of the concept of «Megamachine» by Lewis Mumford (1895-1990) to analyze the unintended socio-cultural consequences of the spread of digital technology. Methodology. Using the methods of historical, philosophical and socio-philosophical analysis, the provisions of the Mumford concept on the impact of the development of technology on society and man are considered. Results. The results of the application of Mumford's approach to the analysis of digital society are shown: the «social prototype» of digital machines is determined, the features of desocialization and dehumanization of social relationships and practices, the specifics of locus control, discipline, the transformation of types of solidarity, the transfer of intellectual and strong-willed human functions to digital machines are revealed. Research implications. The study updates the concept of «Megamachine» by Mumford for the analysis of unintended socio-cultural consequences of digitalization and shows how it is possible to trace the emergence of new forms of determination and behavior of essential human forces under the conditions of technological progress with its help.

Aim. The article aims at analyzing the problem of truth of metatheoretical level of scientific knowledge. Methodology. With the help of the reconstruction method, the main structural units of metatheoretical knowledge in science are identified and briefly described: paradigm theories, scientific picture of the world, ideals and norms of scientific research, philosophical foundations of science. The specificity of the content and functions of each of these units is analyzed. One of the important consequences of this specificity is the absence of a uniform criterion of truth for different units of metatheoretical knowledge. Results. The multicomponent structure of the criteria of truth of various elements of metatheoretical knowledge is shown. A common component of these criteria is the consensus of the disciplinary community of the relevant field of science. Research implications consists in the development of a more specific theory than is available in the modern methodology of science, the theory of truth of the metatheoretical level of knowledge in science.

Aim. The article aims at determining the mechanisms for the formation of scientific knowledge. Methodology. An analysis of existing concepts of the development of science was carried out. In the process of research, comparative analysis method was used. Results. The study showed that the process of cognition in non-classical science depends on the views of the subject of cognition which is not separated from the object. They are created under the influence of both scientific knowledge and representations of other forms of consciousness. As a result, the paradigms of non-classical science are formed on the basis of knowledge of classical science, mythological, magical, etc., ideas that are introduced into the process of cognition through the individual and collective views of the subject of research. Non-classical science has become a new mythology. Research implications. The new role of philosophy is justified, which is to create the grounds for the formation of inter-subject knowledge in the form of neoclassical science.

Aim. The aim of the article is to constitute science in a broad sense as a means of preserving Christian values necessary for successful confrontation of mankind with modern social challenges. Methodology. The study of Kant`s concept of theoretical metaphysics proved that it hinders preservation of Christian values. The research methodology includes logic-semiotic methodology and some findings from the works of E. K. Voischwillo allowing to attribute the status of the parts of science in the broadest sense to mathematics, logic and metaphysics. Results. The legitimacy of the concept of science in a broad sense is justified. The mechanism of confronting the modern community of people with social challenges is described. Research implications. A new paradigm of human cognitive attitude to the world has been developed. If scientific and cultural elites use the concept of science in a broad sense in educational activities, they are advised to take into account certain circumstances that affect the formation of a non-religious or religious worldviews among people.