Aim. To disclose the meaning of the problem of a person’s devaluing attitude towards his animal nature, concentrated in his own body, through his perception as the Other, as a result of a historical and philosophical analysis of the concepts of J. Simondon, J. Bataille and M. Foucault.

Methodology. Philosophical-anthropological and historical-philosophical approaches are used along with comparative, dialectical and hermeneutical methods, which allow us to non-classically analyze and systematically rethink the specifics of the problematic relationship between man and his animal being in order to find ways to fully ensure their harmoniously ordered unity.

Results. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the deep contradiction between human and animal arises in a complex dynamic process of economic relations, in which the human body becomes the central source of violence and the spread of repressive relations due to the fact that it does not correspond to the capitalistically idealized process of self-determination, which is why its animal origin is devalued and perceived as the marginal Other, pushed into an unconscious dimension. Therefore, in J. Simondon’s theory of individuation, the beginning of contradictions between them is an ontological dualism based on a substantial approach in which a person as an individual is considered in priority over an animal, which in turn is understood as its archaic relic. Simondon justifies individuation as a transindividual process of transduction, in which both animal and human are complementary phases of a single, animated, and thus evolving being in its integrity. In J. Bataille’s concept, an animal has a sacramental significance for a person through his own body, which is why he is a religiously erotic being who exposes his worship to him through a transgressive experience of self-determination in the process of overcoming various rules, norms, laws and prohibitions prevailing under the capitalist form of organization of economic life. In the concept of M. Foucault’s animal, which manifests itself in an unconscious form in the human body, is subjected to violent treatment through disciplinary practices of anonymous control and coercion in a symbolic form, thus forming in economic life the phenomenon of bio-power, reducing everything human in man to the non-human Other, with whom he conducts an irreconcilable struggle through himself.

Research implications. The peculiarity of the theoretical and practical component of this study consists mainly in the interdisciplinary approach, which made it possible to formulate the problem of an animal as an unconscious Other, within the framework of the historical and philosophical analysis of the concepts of J. Simondon, J. Bataille and M. Foucault. This study allows us to expand economic and philosophical horizons in the perspective of a deeper consideration and understanding of the processes of crisis self-determination of a person based on the emerging problematic relationship with his own body, personifying his animal counterpart. Also, the results of this research can be used as material for lectures and seminars within the framework of university courses on the history of philosophy, philosophical anthropology, as well as in the applied field of theoretical psychoanalysis.

Aim. An assessment of the essence of philosophical conceptions, understandings and the place of Rene Descartes and Isaac Newton in the formation and development of the theory of light.

Methodology. The research used methods of comparative analysis, historical, dialectical approaches to reconstruct the history of science and philosophy.

Results. Two epistemological positions in understanding the theory of light are given. The experiments and judgments of philosophers formed the field of knowledge – physics. Descartes and Newton were philosophers and scientists whose innovative ideas modern optics was built on, the design and production of optical devices for all spheres of human activity is carried out. Descartes was engaged in geometric optics in the field of natural science. The main achievement of Rene Descartes was the exposition of the law of refraction of light. Based on the formulated law, Descartes gave for the first time a correct explanation of the rainbow. Thanks to Descartes, the theory of optical devices appeared, and after Descartes geometric optics became a part of geometry. Isaac Newton overcame the contradiction between empiricism and rationalism in the practice of scientific research. His science was based on facts and experience, he widely used mathematical methods and the deductive method in research. Newton developed the corpuscular theory of light and discovered the phenomenon of dispersion of light in a prism.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the epistemology and methodological basis of the philosophy of science and technology.

Aim. The article provides a description of the main transformational features of modern social relationships associated with the collapse of humanism, the tendency for a person to lose his identity and alienate himself from his essence.

Methodology. The work was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using classification and comparative analysis methods.

Results. It was established that the new social reality is inextricably linked with the digital revolution, which gave rise not only to the ideas of transhumanism, but also influenced the practical changes of man as a biological being. Deep transformations are associated with the impact of information on the consciousness and memory of people. Blogging as communication with a virtual artificial subject is becoming a replacement for real forms of communication between people.

Research implications. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that modern social reality is the formation of a digital person and a digital society as a manifestation of pseudo-humanism.

Aim. To reveal the features and limits of the political philosophy of National Socialism influence on the functioning of the German banking system during the Third Reich.

Methodology. The discursive method, clustering, extrapolation, historical retrospective, comparison of sources, critical-conceptual analysis were used.

Results. It has been established that the praxeological block of National Socialist philosophy, associated with the implementation of the idea of a uniform transformation of the sociopolitical landscape, had a noticeable influence on the functioning of the banking system of the Third Reich. It is also summarized that the penetration of the political philosophy of National Socialism into the banking sector, which is a special case of the implementation of the praxeological doctrine of Gleichschaltung, was not universal.

Research implications. in Russian humanitarian knowledge, a beginning has been made to study the problem of the philosophical foundations of banking through the prism of German social-political history of the XX century.

Aim. To conduct a social-philosophical study to identify the specifics of modern Ukraine and its people. This specificity is significantly determined by the special “history-fate” of Ukraine, the long decline of the former Kievan Rus – the break-down after the Mongol invasion, the state’s unrealization, the impossibility of collecting East Slavic lands and spiritual humiliation. Moscow naturally prevailed both as a state and as an Orthodox shrine.

Methodology. The method of hermeneutics and the method of philosophical analysis are used. To achieve the research aim, a number of works by famous Russian thinkers – F. M. Dostoevsky, I. A. Ilyin, N. A. Narochnitskaya and other authors are analyzed in accordance with the stated problem.

Results. The novelty of the research has been achieved, determined by a new vision through the identification of the causes of the failure of Ukrainian state-building projects: poor political understanding and doctrinaire (nationalist) myopia of the Ukrainian political elite; ignoring the centuries-old historical and ethnocultural unity of two “non-opposite” peoples; self-identification of the Ukrainian people based on the symbols of Ukrainian nationalism and Nazism and narrow-minded narcissism. Additionally, the destructive and divisive technologies of the West, the dubious “Ukrainian idea” (with a focus on the West) and irrationally scaled Ukrainian grievances were influenced. The result was the excessive anti-tolerance and Russophobia of a significant part of the Ukrainian people. In general, the process deserves the name of “Banderization” of the people, society and the state of Ukraine. It is shown that Dostoevsky’s thought about “errors of the heart”, about “an infected spirit sometimes even in the whole nation” is appropriate for understanding the Ukrainian processes of the late twentieth and early twenty–first centuries. It is shown that I. A. Ilyin’s term “supranationalism” is able to reconcile “non-opposing” peoples again, since it asserts both the homeland with national culture and the pricelessness of the spirit and culture of any other people – in the face of God. In conclusion, the hope is expressed for the gradual restoration of the fraternal union and the welfare of the East Slavic peoples.

Research implications. The study continues the Orthodox and national patriotic tradition of understanding two “non-opposite peoples” and countries – Ukraine and Russia. In modern conditions of confrontation with the collective West, this work contributes to the awareness of the national essence and mission of the two peoples, especially Ukrainian, and the strengthening of traditional values.

Aim. To analyze the transformation of a human, which naturally happens under the influence of the growing process of digitalization, to consider the features of human existence and communication in a digital society.

Methodology. The study consistently analyzes the anthropologically-oriented problems of the era of digitalization, in particular, those that directly affect the features of human existence in the realities of a digital society, as well as the specifics of communication carried out in the context of virtualization universalization. The research uses traditional methods – dialectical, comparative, systematic, analysis and synthesis, historical and logical methods, as well as modern methods for studying the digital environment and the dynamics of its components, including the methodology of the social communication evolution theory to identify the social-historical determination of virtual communication.

Results. The study shows that the actualization of anthropologically-oriented problems of the digitalization era is associated with the avalanche-like integration of digital technologies into the life of society. Under its influence, a human changes quite quickly. There is a problem of preserving human as a biological species and a social being. The idea of a posthuman future is becoming more and more popular. However, the transformation of a human most often turns out to be his intense deformation and degradation. Digitalization requires new models of behavior, new skills, and value priorities. A human develops new behavioral strategies in professional and everyday life. A new type of being is forming – virtual reality. Virtual communication takes up more and more of the user’s time, contributing to his distance from real life. The imperative of virtuality is becoming paradigmatic.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the research is related to its discussion of one of the most significant problems of our time – uncritical perception of information conveyed to society through media technologies. This leads to a decrease in human cognitive abilities, and society becomes the object of constant manipulation. Due to this, real power is in the hands of the elites, who have the ability to form and disseminate the information they need by controlling the information and communication environment. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that its conclusions can be useful to a human as a user keeping virtually active, a subject of virtual communication and, at the same time, a permanent participant of social life.

Aim. To describe the structure and philosophical foundation of the ecological consciousness formation.

Methodology. Study of philosophical and scientific literature; generalization and structuring of the studied material; analysis and identification of the desired concepts internal logic.

Results. The texts corpus of philosophical and scientific content was analyzed; previous ecological consciousness phenomenon experience and a relevant concept definition was generalized and structured; the versatility and complexity of the ecological consciousness phenomenon at the political, social, economic, cultural and religious levels was revealed; the prospects for the social ecological consciousness development in the context of expanding the area of political and socio-economic influence of political ecology and ecosophy were defined.

Research implications. The results of the study clarify the concept of environmental consciousness, describe the relationship between individual environmental consciousness and society, define perspectives for the environmental consciousness formation among the population, and can also be used as part of practical recommendations for the environmental consciousness creation by political and social-economic methods.

Aim. To assess the methodological potential of A. S. Khomyakov’s statements for the formation of the concept of the Motherland and patriotism, corresponding to the current development level of society and philosophy.

Methodology. The key research methods were social-philosophical, logical-philosophical methods and the method of contextual analysis. A study of the works of A. S. Khomyakov has been conducted, argumentation on the main aspects of the concept of the Motherland and patriotism has been revealed, the results obtained are correlated with the conclusions of modern researchers.

Results. It is proved that the works of A. S. Khomyakov laid the foundations for considering the Motherland as a general philosophical category, and the Fatherland as a socio-philosophical category. Relying on his views allows us to understand the essence of patriotism, to prove the connection between patriotism and social justice.

Research implications. The article reveals the potential of A. S. Khomyakov’s legacy as the basis for clarifying the definitions of the concepts of “Motherland”, “Fatherland”, “patriotism” and strengthening them in the public consciousness.

Aim. To study the essence of the legal consciousness of a citizen, its structural components and the impact of its level of development on the functioning of the rule of law.

Methodology. The research is based on historical, cultural, political, legal and psychological analysis. The concepts of “citizen” and “legal awareness” in the Western and Russian traditions are considered, as well as the influence of constitutional and legal policy on their formation.

Results. Legal awareness includes cognitive, value-motivational, emotional and behavioral components. The insufficient level of its development contributes to legal nihilism, a decrease in confidence in state institutions and the effectiveness of legislation.

Research implications. The results of the study make it possible to develop measures to strengthen the legal culture, improve the rule of law and ensure the realization of citizens’ rights, which is especially important for the development of a democratic society.

Aim. To analyse the impact of transhumanism on social processes and to assess the prospects and risks associated with changes in human nature under the influence of modern technologies.

Methodology. The main research method was comparative analysis. The philosophical and social concepts of transhumanism were analysed in combination with the consideration of key technologies, including bioprosthetics, cryonics and artificial intelligence, and their possible impact on society.

Results. Potential risks of increased social differentiation and the threat of loss of traditional human qualities in the context of the introduction of transhumanist technologies were identified.

Research implications. The study deepens the understanding of the philosophical and ethical dimensions of transhumanism, which contributes to the development of strategies for the social and legal regulation of technological change.