Aim. Content expansion of the theoretical foundations in a series of articles devoted to the philosophical and methodological understanding of consumer projects and their technological support.
Methodology. Understanding is considered in the context of connections with meanings and situations, which is reflected in schematization, which ideologically complements the communication technology.
Results. The main result of this research is the transition from a purely conceptual analysis of understanding to its functional features in activity. This makes it possible to actualize sociotechnical ontology. Thereby the growing tradition of presenting understanding as an exclusively structural element of the cognitive process has been overcome. The author analyzes the process of understanding in the context of communication and comes to the conclusion that the above-mentioned process is carried out in three variations (ontological, subject-descriptive and subjective).
Research implications. The results of the research are the creation of tools for organizing the communication exchange in the universal sense of the word. Historically, the processes of reflection, understanding and communication have been recorded in the description of the organizational and activity games (OAG), but this does not mean that such practices cannot be transferred to other professional fields. This study continues a series of articles devoted to consumer projects and their epistemological significance in the context of categorical understanding of business processes.

Aim. At the epistemological level, fixing the results of scientific research, to identify the forms of the process of searching for truth, which are categories, laws, principles, concepts and scientific theories.
Methodology. The work was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach, taking into account the interdisciplinary significance of the subject under study.
Results. It is revealed that epistemological forms acquire scientific status only if they reflect the essence of certain fragments of being, have their own specific ontological basis. Concepts (categories) reflect the essence of the elements of the subject area of a particular science; laws are the essence of their connections; principles – the essence of the ways (sequences) of links between elements of a particular subject field; concepts – the essence of the impact of classes of environmental phenomena on the phenomena studied by a particular science; theories – the essence of the influences of the environment on them as a kind of holistic formation.
Research implications. The results of the study can be used to improve methodological competencies at the stage of modernization of the education system.

Aim. The article examines the philosophical concept of the German thinker of the second half of the 19th century Gustav Teichmüller (1832-1888), professor at the University of Dorpat, in order to study the question of perception and of his ideas receptions within the framework of Russian and German philosophical thought.
Metodology. Teichmüller’s ideas about “soul” and its “immortality” are studied, taking into account the refractions of modern optics. A number of philosophical ideas of Gustav Teichmüller are analyzed on the example of comparing texts similar in topic by Moses Mendelssohn, Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob and Immanuel Kant. At the end of the article an updated bibliography on this period of the history of philosophy is given.
Results. Some of Gustav Teichmüller’s ideas were analyzed; and ideas about similar concepts of Mendelssohn, Jakob, Kant and Teichmüller about the “old” philosophical problem of “immortality of the s1oul” in the interval of about 100 years were obtained.
Research implications. For the first time, a comprehensive study of the concept of “immortality of the soul” is given on the example of Teichmüller’s texts and the issue of reception of his teachings in Russian and German philosophy is considered.

Aim. Search for an approach to solving interdisciplinary neuroscience problems based on the study of the highest consciousness.
Methodology. The paper provides a philosophical analysis of the current state of the “consciousness and brain” problem, psychophysiological and psychophysical problems, as well as of the problem of free will and the “mind-brain” problem. In the process of research, the theoretical method of scientific knowledge was used, as well as the general philosophical dialectical method, the methods of abstraction, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and mental modeling.
Results. This article describes the properties of the brain as a cognitive system that forms the basis of the subjective world of a person under the general name “highest conscious”. It is shown that the intended use of the category “brain” allows deeper understanding of the neuroscientific and neurophilosophical problems of our time in the context of the “highest conscious”. In this regard, the study analyzed two systems of reflecting reality: the lower conscious and the highest conscious. The contribution of spatial thinking and imagination to the reconstruction of images of the highest conscious on the basis of sensory and conscious experience is considered. It is shown that sifting out the secondary, inventing the missing, highlighting the main, classification and categorization are the main processes of cognition of the objective reality of the world based on the activity of the highest conscious. The solution of psychophysical and psychophysiological problems is seen as an understanding of bodily-brain and functional connections through the lower conscious. The dialectical basis for solving the problems of “Consciousness and Brain” and “Mind-Brain” is the understanding of the process of recreating and realizing reality by the brain in the “highest conscious” system. A theoretically justified answer to the problem of free will can be given by explaining the compatibility with the freedom of voluntary movements.
Research implications. A new approach to solving fundamental interdisciplinary neuroscientific problems through the analysis of subjective states under the general name “highest conscious” will minimize the biological emphasis of these philosophical studies and understand the ontological and epistemological essence of the highest conscious.

Aim. To reveal the content and philosophical foundations of the basic concepts of the Universe.
Methodology. Description of the content main conceptions of the Universe of ancient and medieval cosmology, classical and modern cosmology. Reconstruction of their philosophical foundations.
Results. It is proved that the pluralism of existing and future conceptions of the Universe is inevitable. It is partly due to the progress of scientific knowledge, and partly due to the philosophical ideas of scientists who created these conceptions.
Research implications. It is shown that the creation of fundamental (paradigmatic) concepts of science is possible only as a synthesis of concrete scientific knowledge and philosophical foundations of science.

Aim. To reveal the content of the axiological foundations of the Cossacks, highlighting values-goals, values-means and value orientations in their structure.
Methodology. The author analyzes socio-philosophical and historical studies devoted to the phenomenon of the Cossacks, which make it possible to identify the values-goals, values-means and value orientations of the Cossacks. The study also analyzes the ontological foundations of the Cossacks in various historical epochs, which made it possible to trace the evolution of the identified values. The following methods of socio- philosophical research as the method of comparative philosophical analysis, the method of synthesis, the method of induction, the method of classification, the method of interpretation were used in the work.
Results. In the course of the study, it was concluded that in the structure of the values of the Cossacks, there are values-goals: God and the Orthodox Faith, the Cossack clan, family, camaraderie, native land, which gave rise to patriotic value orientations of the Cossacks, and values-means: freedom, activity, responsibility and trust, which determined the value foundations of the traditional way of life of the Cossacks. During the historical development of the Cossacks as a social community, these values developed while preserving their essence. Currently, the influence of these values on social processes in modern Russia is carried out by combining the attitudes of state power and the expectations of other social communities for the approval of positive values thanks to the Cossacks.
Research implications. The presented research makes a certain contribution to the theory of the values of the Cossacks, showing the content of the values-goals and values-means of the Cossacks, and determining the value orientations of the Cossacks in various historical epochs and at the present time. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the conclusions obtained in its course can be used in the processes of: implementation of the state policy in the sphere of support of the Russian Cossacks, formation of positive patriotic values among the general population of the Russian Federation; determination of the content of continuous Cossack education; support of the activities of domestic mass media and social organizations that contribute to the formation of positive axiological foundations among the Cossacks and their dissemination among other social communities of our country.

Aim. To carry out a philosophical discourse of the problem of trust, which today is becoming one of the most important topics discussed in the framework of social philosophy.
Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of the systemic and interdisciplinary approach using the prognostic method.
Results. It has been revealed that the erosion of trust in the channels of interaction between the individual and society, the leading of which has become mass communication, leads to negative social consequences. It is destructively reflected at the level of personal existence, leading to social disorientation and maladjustment, up to the emergence of sociopathic behavior patterns.
Research implications. The return of the mass media to the status of a source of objective information, the building of a truly democratic information process, the correlation of media content with value bases are becoming vital tasks, beyond the solution of which mass withdrawal into the zone of distrust in the society and the state, alienation risks becoming uncontrollable and socially dangerous.

Aim. To consider the consequences of globalization in the information sphere and assess their impact on the information security of the Russian Federation.
Methodology. The study consistently examines the consequences of globalization in the information sphere, as well as the related problems and prospects of information security of the Russian Federation, including countering the threats of information terrorism and infogenic disasters. In the course of the study, methods of analysis and synthesis, dialectical, comparative and prognostic methods are used complexly.
Results. The study shows that in the context of globalization, the number of information threats increases and the burden on the information security services of the Russian Federation increases proportionally. The most significant threat to the information security of the Russian Federation is recognized as the potential for the global infogenic catastrophes, the sources of which may be failures and violations in software products of various states in the implementation of international projects.
Research implications. The study identifies positive (increasing the available amount of information about technologies and stimulating the development of Russian software) and negative (the growth of cybercrime and dependence on foreign software products) factors affecting the information security of the Russian Federation. The latter are analyzed in the context of their practical implementation – the COVID-19 pandemic that hasn’t yet ended and the regime of unprecedented sanctions pressure imposed on Russia by Western countries.

Aim. Substantiation of the problem of personal self-determination of young people in the era of globalism and mobility. Philosophical conceptualization of self-identity and spiritual and moral values, global identity and mobility values. Identification of traditional spiritual and moral values as a variant of anthropological and personal self-determination.
Methodology. The main content of the study is the analysis of the problem of self-determination of personality among young people, as well as of the phenomena of mobility, global identity, spiritual, spiritual and moral values, self-identity. With the use of phenomenological, hermeneutic approaches, the problem of personal self-determination among young people in the era of mobility and globalism is considered.
Result. The importance of the problem of personal self-determination of young people in the era of mobility and globalism has been updated. With the help of philosophical conceptualization of the phenomena of mobility, global identity, spirituality, spiritual and moral values, self-identity, the personal self-determination of young people is problematized. The importance of the house as a marker of spiritual and moral values and as a variant of self-determination is shown.
Research implications. The paper provides a distinction and description of mobility and global identity as a value-semantic reference point for young people. With reference to the sociological and psychological studies conducted by the authors on the identification of the value orientations of young people, it is proved that mobility and the global identity initiated by them pushes a person to rethink and reject traditional spiritual and moral values, including those at home.

Aim. To analyze the current state of gastronomy and determine the vectors of its further development.
Methodology. The article considers the reasons for the transformation of gastronomy from a philosophical standpoint. During the study, methods of observation, generalization, interpretation of the results and discursive analysis were applied.
Results. The research has revealed the main reasons for the transformation of gastronomy. The vectors for gastronomy development are considered. The scientific substantiation of the socio-economic impact of gastronomy on cultural relationships in society is given. It can be said that gastronomy has been integrated into the world of art and, in some judgments, it is at the center of processes that are of particular importance in the current discussions not only about education, but also about artistic research and about creativity adaption to the post-institutional era.
Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the theory of gastronomy in the broadest sense of the term. Vectors of gastronomic potential development can be used in practice when assessing gastronomic preferences.

Aim. To analyze the influence of volunteering and the volunteer movement on the spiritual and moral foundations of the individual and society as a whole, as well as to confirm that volunteering is an important factor in the spiritual and moral development of the individual.
Methodology. The research methodology is the historical and philosophical approach to the problem of the influence of volunteering and the volunteer movement on the spiritual and moral foundation of the individual, as well as the socio-philosophical analysis of the development of volunteering under the influence of the spiritual and moral aspect of modern society.
Results. The paper analyzes the material on the volunteer movement. It is shown that the understanding of the significance of the ongoing volunteer activities and the volunteers’ perception of their work value, for which they do not receive monetary incentives, as well as the obligations that have arisen to society and their colleagues performing such activities, become the guidelines for the spiritual and moral development of the society. It is concluded that a person involved in volunteering deals with people who hope to receive the necessary assistance, which, of course, affects the formation of such qualities as mercy, humanity, respect for the other, recognition of the self-worth of each. The most important spiritual and moral characteristics of the volunteer movement that change society are also equality and justice, the good of the country through the good of the individual and society, targeting, tolerance.
Research implications. The results of the analysis contribute to the methodological base of social philosophy and are due to the inclusion of the volunteer movement into modern social practices, reviving the spiritual and moral foundation of the individual.

Aim. To analyze the history of the inception and transformation of the ideas of transhumanism from the ancient time up to nowadays.
Methodology. To study this issue, general and specific scientific methods were used including deduction and induction, analysis, synthesis, generalization, philosophical and historical analysis, and hermeneutics.
Results. The main stages of the development and establishment of the idea of transhumanism are demonstrated in the research with the philosophical accents on each of them.
Research implications. The results of the study prove that transhumanism is a complex ideological phenomenon with a rich ideological history that cannot be evaluated unequivocally.

Aim. Broadcasting the experience of the Russian Islamic Institute’s implementation of the theocentric model of upbringing a student in the field of training 48.04.01 “Theology”, direction “Islamic Theology” in accordance with the new Federal Educational Standards 3 ++.
Methodology. Based on the analysis of the specifics of the educational institution, the communicative strategy of the university has been developed. The article uses the methods of theoretical analysis and study of the previous experience in the implementation of educational standards in order to improve the curriculum in accordance with the new requirements, with an emphasis on the line of disciplines and practices that contribute to the development of research thinking of a student-theologian. During the research, mental modeling, pedagogical observation, induction and deduction were used.
Results. The presented article provides the rationale for the choice by the Russian Islamic Institute of a theocentric model of education that corresponds to the communication strategy of the university, which includes the identity of the educational brand, its components and corporate identity. The reflection of the theocentric model in the educational process of the university is considered. Listed are the main tasks aimed at the effective adaptation of students of the direction of training “Theology” to the learning environment, to the spiritually-oriented and research environment of the educational institution; successful socialization of a theologian student into the research space; fostering the culture of research thinking; increasing students’ motivation for research activities. The trajectory of the development of research thinking of a student-theologian is presented, corresponding to the curriculum of the direction of training “Theology” 48.04.01, direction: “Islamic theology”.
Research implications. Based on a detailed analysis of the communication strategy of an educational institution, the article provides an example of the relationship between the educational brand of a university and the choice of an education model (in this case, theocentric). A clear relationship is presented between the educational process through competently structured interrelated elements of the theocentric model of education and a clearly built trajectory for the development of research thinking of the student-theologian, the implementation of which contributes to the effective preparation of the student-theologian for further professional activity. We believe that, subject to competent adaptation, the presented experience of the implementation of the theocentric model of education by the Russian Islamic Institute can be extrapolated into the educational process of universities that implement the direction of training “Theology”.