Aim. A targeted analysis of the essence of intelligence in the context of its relation to such central mental phenomena as mind and consciousness.

Methodology. The key methods were the dialectical ones that helped to reflect the complex nature of human mental reality. Dialectics reveals the inconsistency and dynamism of the interpenetration of objective and subjective sides in the intelligence, emphasizes its discrepancy with consciousness in their close coexistence.

Results. Intelligence cannot be reduced to a neutral third-person phenomenon. It turns out to be an integral formation of a living psyche that unites thinking and other processes aimed at setting goals, overcoming problems, making decisions, and learning new.

Research implications. The research reveals complex interaction between intelligence and consciousness in the field of psychology. It asserts a substantial primacy of the first person in intelligence, its foundation in the activity of the self.

Aim. To show the limitations of biological reductionism from perspective of autocommunication which is carried out at both individual and general levels.

Methodology. Probabilistic models of biological reductionism are analyzed in comparison with models of contingency, historical and philosophical data, methods of discourse and communication interpretation, and reconstruction and modeling of autocommunication conditions are applied. The procedure becomes a stepwise critical test of the applicability of reductionism to the fact of autocommunication.

Results. It is concluded that the nature of autocommunication as a contingent situation of experience is not reducible to cognitive operations. Consistent critical verification shows the irreducibility of experience to its fixations, as well as the possibility of transforming modelings of experience into elements of experience. The present world in the era of linguistic models of AI allows such operations of ongoing enrichment of experience, which also provides a new developmental stimulus for religious philosophy.

Research implication. Both epistemological and ontological implicita of autocommunication in its irreducibility to cognitive operations have been presented in this work.

Aim. To demonstrate the enduring significance of the economic teachings of the Slavophiles, which opposes the dominant Western political economy as the theoretical basis of modern consumer society depriving human existence in general meaning not corresponding to development of Russia as a unique civilization.

Methodology. The views of proponents of the liberal and conservative schools of Russian social philosophical thought on the principles of the country’s economic development during the transitional periods at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are compared.

Results. It is proved that during the contradictory development of “Russian capitalism”, pursued by liberal reformers following Western models and leading to the enslavement and ruin of the country by Western capital, an alternative school of philosophical and economic thought emerged, uniting outstanding academic theorists and professional practitioners, Orthodox patriots, and statists. They specified and proposed a program for a systemic change in the country’s course, including financial and economic reforms coupled with the cleansing of the public administration sphere from corrupt bureaucracy and the strengthening of communal (popular) principles in the zemstvos and the Orthodox Church. These measures were intended to lead to state planning for the harmonious development of the country’s productive forces, unlocking labor potential, increasing public well-being, and strengthening the country’s sovereignty, avoiding revolutionary upheaval. Some of their ideas were implemented during the Soviet era and were particularly in demand in the post-Soviet era, amid the struggle for a national development model.

Research implications consist in the need to establish sovereignty and mobilize the social sciences and education to understand the profound global shift taking place and to choose the right solutions based on the principles of the Slavophile philosophical tradition, which views economics as a field for individuals engaged in meaningful economic activity in accordance with Christian values.

Aim. To reconstruct the process of developing a new philosophy based on “classical Eurasianism.” To identify and evaluate not only the body of texts and the group of intellectuals, but also the context and the set of social factors that influenced the ideologically motivated “creative” process. Throughout the entire period of Eurasianism’s evolution, emphasis is placed on the third, final stage, when results, rather than a collection of declarations, are noticeable.

Methodology. A set of techniques characteristic of historical and philosophical research are used: empirics in the form of primary sources are defined, their content is analyzed; ideas by participants in the process and observers are evaluated, considering objective and subjective factors; a context is formed. Thus, the techniques, practices of hermeneutics, and analysis (contextual and structural) were used.

Results. The key characters of the third stage of classical Eurasianism evolution are identified, whose intellectual efforts form the “new” philosophy. This philosophy not only expresses the basic principles of the ideological movement but also claims to become a methodological platform for multidisciplinary research. Such participants are N. S. Trubetskoy, L. P. Karsavin, N. N. Alekseev, V. N. Ilyin, D. P. Svyatopolk-Mirsky, P. P. Suvchinsky. It is revealed that at a certain point an attempt was made to integrate N. F. Fedorov’s teaching “Common Cause” into the “personology” formed at the second stage, as well as to find points of support in a critically rethought Marxism, and to formulate the concept of “ideocracy.”

Research implications. The results obtained in the study create a platform to understand what has happened at the certain place and under certain conditions to compose a “new” philosophy. Classical Eurasianism turns out to be a productive “case” for philosophical research, since it becomes possible to observe both the experience of organizing interdisciplinary research and the creation of a new philosophical direction that claimed to express a new ideology in the categories of academic philosophy.

Aim. Based on philosophical methodology, to reveal in detail the nature, essence and content of scientific research, to reveal some aspects of the general scientific algorithm of cognition as an integral universal tool, as well as some aspects of categorical thinking.

Methodology. The work was carried out based on a systematic approach using methods of classification and comparative analysis.

Results. It has been established that the general scientific algorithm of cognition is formed primarily on the basis of philosophical knowledge, but at the same time, its content dialectically “subtracts” the methodological capabilities of both sectoral and specific sciences. The general scientific algorithm of cognition can rightfully be considered fundamental in the methodology of scientific research. It is the first necessary link in the methodology of analyzing all phenomena of reality without exception. The general scientific algorithm of scientific research largely determines the essence of the procedures for selecting scientific methodological tools for solving cognitive problems and, at the same time, influences the determination of the sequences of their use in the study of phenomena.

Research implications. The results of the study can be used to improve the methodological competencies of both teachers of philosophical disciplines and students.

Aim. To evaluate modern concept of the relationship between philosophy and science in the works of S. A. Lebedev on philosophy and methodology of science.

Methodology. The results obtained during this study are based on analytical, logical-historical and hermeneutic methods.

Results. The study reveals the key points of the positive dialectical concept of the philosophy and science interaction, which can be traced in the works of the Russian methodologist. S. A. Lebedev’s project focuses on human consciousness, values, and scientific worldviews as intermediaries between philosophy and science. The social and constructivist view of the subject and object of scientific knowledge and knowledge is complemented by original concepts of consensual scientific truth, systemic methodological pluralism, methodological culture of the scientist and level methodology. Reality, defined through the concepts of a standard and the objective world as a world of possibilities, acts as a medium for a consensual dialogue between philosophy and science.

Research implications. S. A. Lebedev’s ideas outlined in his works make a great contribution to the development of a complex mechanism for the interaction of philosophy and science, philosophical ideas, natural science theories and practical research.

Aim. To evaluate contributions made by hydraulic engineer N. M. Gersevanov and electrical engineer V. I. Shestakov to Boolean algebra and to apply respective conclusions in engineering design.

Methodology. A retrospective analysis of sources on the history of logic, tools of formal logic, and the comparative historical method were used.

Results. The study reveals that the thinkers used the apparatus of logic to synthesize and analyze discrete systems. Using Louis Couture’s formulas of logic algebra in civil engineering argumentation in the process of substantiating the stability of hydraulic structures, is an innovation in domestic structural design. The author demonstrates the continuity of ideas, formulated by Gersevanov and Shestakov.

Research implications. lies in unlocking the potential of formal logic in the field of substantiating architectural projects and solving engineering problems using this science. The appeal to the legacy of Shestakov and Gersevanov is conditioned by the need to expand the scope of application of Boolean algebra.

Aim. To reveal the contemporary social philosophical significance of Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of ressentiment and to identify the causes and consequences of its reductionist reading.

Methodology. Hermeneutic analysis of Nietzsche’s key texts, complemented by an interdisciplinary approach integrating philosophical, social, and psychological discourses, as well as a critical analysis of the concept of ressentiment, was complemented.

Results. It is established that the vulgarization of Nietzsche’s core philosophical concepts, stemming from the disregard of their existential creative and spiritual content, distorts his philosophy and creates grounds for its exploitation in militarist and extremist agendas. An original interpretation of ressentiment is proposed through the concept of the “will to freedom,” emphasizing the dialogical nature of human existence and ethical responsibility.

Research implications. The proposed interpretation of ressentiment enables the overcoming of the binary social ontological opposition “strength – weakness” through the integration of ideas from modern social philosophy and psychology. The study expands the potential applications of Nietzschean through contemporary anthropological and ethical research. The practical value lies in countering manipulative and extremist interpretations of Nietzsche’s philosophical concepts.

Aim. To analyze quasi-humanistic ideas of pseudo-, anti-, trans-, post-, and neohumanism in the context of the contemporary reality of surveillance capitalism.

Methodology. The study employs classification, critical analysis, and generalization.

Results. It was demonstrated that surveillance capitalism, in its early stages, developed in a pseudo-humanistic manner while harboring hidden power ambitions to collect as much behavioral data from users as possible. The study revealed that treating users as a source of a new type of resource (behavioral surplus) is a sign of emerging post-humanism.

Research implication. It is proposed to use neo-humanism on the basis of the Christian tradition, which determines the practical significance of the study for philosophers, theologians, and economists studying the structure of modern digital society.

Aim. To reveal axiological foundations for designing a training program for future teachers to develop in adolescents a conscious and responsible attitude toward future family life.

Methodology. The methodological framework was based on the key tenets of axiological, systemic, student-centered, and competency-based approaches, the combination of which provides a productive foundation for developing a program to introduce adolescents to the traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian society. The study utilized methods of studying scientific literature, databases, and media publications (content analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, generalization, and systematization), predictive methods (design and schematization), empirical methods (systematic analysis of the axiological characteristics of the educational process at the university, questionnaires, and surveys), and mathematical processing of the data obtained.

Results. The analysis of the modern socio-cultural situation, psychological and pedagogical literature and educational practice shows that future teachers and high school students should be introduced to such traditional spiritual and moral values as family, motherhood and fatherhood, family traditions, respect, trust, love, support, responsibility and honesty. This determines the need to develop a program for training future teachers to form a culture of family relationships in adolescents. The educational content of this program is grouped around the following axiological matrices: family and its social role, young family, parenthood, culture of family relationships, family and social policy of the state. In the process of implementing the program, it is advisable to use various teaching methods: explanatory and illustrative, problematic presentation method, research; as well as the method of empathy for situations, role-playing game, training, etc.

Research implications. The definition of axiological foundations for training future teachers to develop a culture of family relations in adolescents ensures an increase in knowledge in the field of social cultural, organizational and pedagogical potential of the university in terms of transmitting family values and preparing young people for family life. The theoretical conclusions and generalizations obtained in the study create a basis for further study of ways to introduce students and schoolchildren to the value of family and the culture of family relationships. The practical significance of the study consists in results proving that the education of the younger generation in a value-based attitude towards the family, as well as the preparation of students and schoolchildren for the upcoming family life, are important for the successful socialization of the younger generation. Mastering the program for developing a culture of family relations in adolescents by future teachers increases the professional competence of specialists in matters of family education. The axiological approach to the development of the program will make it possible for future teachers and adolescents to form a stable system of value guidelines for the individual, based on traditional ideas and contributing to the socio-cultural development of society.

Aim. To identify the conditions for the transformation of algorithmizing which is understood as one of the processes of the ontogenesis of digital society into an inhuman socio-technological process.

Methodology. The research is based on interdisciplinary and activity-based approaches as two social-philosophical explanatory principles. The main method used is systems analysis, which is applied in combination with general scientific tools.

Results. It is established that the process of algorithmizing, which in the conditions of the capitalist system is inseparable from the process of commercialization and mutually stimulated by it, turns out to be, along with it, a mode dehumanizing digital society.

Research implications. The results of the research make it possible to understand new levels of alienation, which arose in the era of late capitalism, and stimulate efforts to further explore and conceptualize the ever-changing modes of dehumanizing society.

Aim. To define role of mass media in shaping public opinion and influencing the course and outcome of modern military-political conflicts, considering historical examples, digital transformations and philosophical approaches.

Methodology. Content analysis, historical and comparative analysis, philosophical reflection (in O. Spengler’s, M. Castells’, and V. Pelevin’s style), and case method that includes the analysis of media coverage of conflicts (Yugoslavia, Iraq, Vietnam, Chechnya, Ukraine) were used as the key methods.

Results. The transformation of the media from a communication channel into a subject of political and military power is proved. The direct relationship between the results of military campaigns and the success of their information support is shown. Parallels have been established between historical examples of manipulation of public opinion (Gliwicki provocation, Vietnam, Iraq) and digital conflicts of the 21st century. The new role of the mass media as an institution of political mobilization and pressure beyond the scope of state jurisdiction is demonstrated.

Research implications. The role of the media as an independent political actor in modern conflicts is substantiated, digital propaganda mechanisms, that can be used in the system of media literacy, countering fakes and extremism, as well as in the strategic planning of information policy, is identified.

Aim. To assess applying of conclusions from German thinkers on understanding the Motherland essence, and to analyze objections in German observations from the standpoint of Russian philosophy.

Methodology. The key research methods were socio-philosophical, logical-philosophical, and the method of contextual analysis. The works of German and Russian thinkers are analyzed, and their arguments are evaluated.

Results. It is proved that the conclusions of German thinkers contain ideas that are critically evaluated and developed in Russian philosophical thought, and, consequently, stimulate knowledge of the Motherland.

Research implications. The invariant of the category “Motherland” is revealed through a comparative analysis of the theses of German and Russian thinkers, and the objective characteristics of the Motherland are identified.