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Contemporary Philosophical Research

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No 4 (2022)
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ONTOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY

6-11 264
Abstract

Aim. To reveal the properties of consciousness in the aspect of interpersonal group representation of people about the world around them. To determine the functions of mythology and philosophy in this process as two parallel forms of consciousness.
Methodology. The work was carried out based on a systematic and interdisciplinary approach using the method of comparative analysis.
Results. It is revealed that mythology creates an emotionally figurative group view of reality, and philosophy creates a rational one. Both forms of consciousness appear since the world is real and is perceived in two ways: emotional-figurative and rational-logical. At the same time, they jointly create a common picture of the universe. Therefore, consciousness, which solves the problems of human perception of the world, allows you to create an understanding of how philosophy, mythology, and religion, as well as science and everyday ideas, describe the universe in which people live.
Research implications. It is substantiated that consciousness is formed on generalizations of private ideas that are created by specific sciences and comprehension of the private experience of everyday life and magic. It also appears as a result of the study of practical skills and personal ideas of people about the world around them.

12-19 189
Abstract

Aim. To describe the content of the objective and subjective reality, reveal their level structure and show their relationship.
Methodology. To formulate the level approach to the description of the objective and subjective reality and substantiate it on the material of scientific cognition.
Results. The necessity of distinguishing two main levels in the structure of objective reality is substantiated: the level of objective possibilities and the level of its material realization. The first level of objective reality is more fundamental and primary in relation to the level of material reality. The expediency of distinguishing two main levels in the structure of consciousness is substantiated: non-reflexive (unconscious 1 and subconscious information) and reflexive (conscious information or knowledge obtained by means controlled by consciousness). The reflexive level of consciousness and the subjective reality created by it consists of four levels: sensory reality, empirical reality, theoretical reality of consciousness and metatheoretical reality. All types of subjective reality are reference in relation to objective reality (a set of “things in themselves”, their properties and relationships).
Research implications. The philosophical and methodological significance of the level concept of objective and subjective reality and their correlation for the correct understanding of philosophical and concrete scientific knowledge, their functions and capabilities are shown.

THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

20-31 196
Abstract

Aim. To compare the approaches of N. A. Vasiliev and P. A. Florensky, the representatives of the Russian Silver Age, to the structure of modern non-classical logic. The comparison is made in the light of the doctrine of Logos, formulated by the followers of the philosophy of unitotality.
Methodology. The research methodology encompasses general research methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction). To reproduce Florensky’s logico-philosophical ideas, the author used formulas of the language of logic of the calculus of statements.
Results.  It is shown that N. A. Vasiliev’s search for logic was largely determined by his religious and philosophical intuitions, which correlate with P. A. Florensky’s attempts to use mathematical logic to justify theological truths.
Research implications. The study sheds light on the formation of domestic schools of non-classical and mathematical logic in the first decades of the 20th century.

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

32-42 108
Abstract

Aim. To analyze the features of the development of Russian philosophical cosmology in the 20–21st centuries. To substantiate the thesis that the common motive turned out to oppose to the mechanistic picture of the world, but from different positions – dialectical materialism and Christian energyism, spontaneous evolutionary or rational Intent to explain the unity of the universe, the origin and development of the Earth.
Methodology. Three stages of Russian philosophical cosmology have been studied: the classical period of the end of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet philosophy of geology of the 80s, and the post-Soviet philosophical thought.
Results. The author substantiates the thesis that in the indicated directions, the data of natural sciences are interpreted differently depending on worldview positions. But it is precisely the tradition of Orthodox energytism in Russian philosophy, overcoming the reductionism and naive realism of the mechanistic approach of dialectical materialism that corresponds to the latest scientific conclusions about the impossibility of the accidental emergence of life and mind.
Research implications. The continuation and development in the post-Soviet philosophy of the tradition of Orthodox energytism of Russian classical philosophy makes it possible to see the consistent unity of the scientific and religious pictures of the world in explaining the uniqueness of the Earth in the Universe, to emphasize the special value and meaning of human existence.

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

43-51 158
Abstract

Aim. To reveal the semantic features of the concepts of terror and horror in configuration with the phenomenon of modern terrorism.
Methodology. The main content of the research is the identification of the semantic proportionality of the concepts terror and horror in configuration with the phenomenon of terrorism. Their relevance is considered with the use of phenomenological, hermeneutic, discursive approaches.
Results. The significance of the philosophical conceptualization of the words terror, horror, terrorism is actualized. The semantic feature of modern terrorism is its focus on political desires and ambitions, which implies the use of violence to achieve a political goal through fear, coercion or intimidation. Terror is a method of action with the use of force in order to paralyze, through intimidation, the will of the mass and individual subjects to resist. A semantic analysis of the concepts horror and terror revealed that horror, unlike terror, is not intimidation as such, but a circular injection of fear and panic.
Research implications. The paper gives a description of the modern facets of terrorism. It is proved that the phenomenon of terrorism remains poorly understood. This entails a conceptual analysis of the concepts terror and horror relevant to terrorism.

52-57 122
Abstract

Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the terms “tolerance” and “political correctness”, that are often differently interpreted by the researchers in Russian scientific articles on pedagogy; and to find out the reason for the alternative versions.
Methodology. By selecting materials from Russian pedagogical discourse make a philosophical analysis of the primary differences in the interpretation of the terms “tolerance” and “political correctness”.
Results. In the course of the philosophical analysis of Russian pedagogical discourse a number of discrepancies in the perception and interpretation of the terms “tolerance” and “political correctness” have been found. It has been made clear that Russian researchers, guided by their philosophical, political and social views, draw a fine line between the phenomena, thus interpreting them differently.
Research implications. The research allows not only to see the difference in the perception of the two closely related terms “tolerance” and “political correctness”, but to explain the worldview differences between Russian pedagogical discourse and Western one in the scope of the concept of tolerance.

58-73 156
Abstract

Aim. Clarification of the causes of a vicious, annoying, unnatural phenomenon: contrary to the Slavophile (soil) project of the Slavic brotherhood, the anti-Slavic Atlanticist project of total separation (the Dulles plan, the Harvard, Houston projects) of the East Slavic peoples with their successive extermination is being reconciled; under the direct leadership of the western led by the Anglo-Saxons, Ukraine is endowed with the functions of a blunt battering ram, inflicting telling blows on the body of an artificially created geopolitical opponent of Russia.
Methodology. The procedural basis of the review was a complex of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization etc.) and specific (reflection, understanding etc.) methods of mastering objective material.
Results. The result of the study is a positive platform: not only Ukraine (whose continued existence in its former form is no longer possible) loses from the universal confrontation with Russia, but also the EU, the USA, the world as a whole; the natural logic of restoring the life-generating process disrupted by the continental conflict requires the establishment of a new world order constituting regularization, the guarantee of universal interaction.
Research implications. The conceptual and pragmatic significance of the material consists in optimizing the technology of establishing good neighborliness and cooperation in an updating world order.

74-80 171
Abstract

Aim. To reveal the features of the influence of axiological futurism on modern society.
Methodology. The current state of the axiological space of possibilities is analyzed in terms of the use of social-virtual environments. The research methodology is a socio-philosophical analysis of the problem of the axiological space of opportunities model influence on social systems, as well as general scientific methods of theoretical knowledge, methods of system analysis, comparison and generalization of foreign and Russian studies on the problem of studying value-semantic dominants in the situation of digital transformation. As the methodological foundations of the study, the main approaches to understanding the models of development of society in different locations are used - from the society of individual intelligence to the society of collective intelligence and artificial intelligence.
Results. The main elements in the axiological model of the probabilistic possibilities of the future, including the cause-and-effect relationships of technological and value-semantic change of a person, the fundamental component of which is the intellect as the main resource of people and human civilizations, necessary for survival, are determined. Intelligence has three forms: individual, i.e. the ability to solve individual problems; collective, that is, the ability to solve problems of groups of people to work and coordinate their actions together; artificial, i.e. the ability of machines to solve tasks.
Research implications. The material on the topic under study is summarized. The results of the study contribute to the methodological basis of social philosophy. Their relevance is due to the disclosure of the practical significance of “axiological futurism”, the development of an intellectual model of the axiological space of possibilities of the post-human individual of the future. The authors of the work come to the conclusion that axiological futurism is necessary because it takes into account the history of value changes and variations, and complements other futurological requests in scientific reasoning, thus allowing you to design a space of axiological possibilities and consider how civilizations can move and change value-semantic dominants in the future.

81-91 138
Abstract

Aim. To consider the features of the organization of social control using big data; to investigate the transition from the model of panopticism to the model of digital panopticism arising due to the development of digital technologies.
Methodology. The paper analyzes the use of big data as an economic and political capital. Social theories exploring the normative nature of society are considered, the transformation of models of social control is studied. The study was conducted on the basis of comparative and systematic approaches.
Results. The analysis showed that the asymmetry of the “power-knowledge” relationship is increasing in the information society. It is proved that social control using big data becomes total, flexible, dynamic.
Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the need for a comprehensive study of the processes and mechanisms of the organization of social control in modern society is justified.

92-100 876
Abstract

Aim. A presentation of a scientifically based path to achieving eternal peace and a description of the norms of the moral behavior of an Orthodox believer on this path.
Methodology. The adequacy of Orthodoxy in the status of science in a broad sense as an optimal world-view for solving the problems of war and peace is substantiated. An analysis of the Kantian concept of eternal peace is given, its insufficient effectiveness is described due to the lack of a program for self-improvement of a person in the direction of reducing his aggressiveness, the impossibility of implementing this program within the framework of the Kantian pantheistic interpretation of the nature of a person of an atheistic orientation is described, and the possibility of its implementation in Orthodoxy as a science through man’s struggle with the sense of pride. When constituting Orthodoxy as a science in a broad sense, the method of clearly distinguishing the factual basis was applied: the Bible with its books of  the Old and New Testaments and the hypothesis about the tendency for the development of the sense of human pride, leading humanity from the state of peace to the state of war.
Research implications. A complete concept of eternal peace has been created and the norms of the Orthodox believer’s moral behavior in the conditions of insufficient mitigation of the mores of modern mankind are proposed. Some interpretations of God’s plans and intentions are given on the example of the history of Russia in the 20th century.

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ISSN 2949-5121 (Print)
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