The paper describes the dynamics of changes and formation of new concepts in the content of the conceptual system related to the humanities and social knowledge and cognition, which took place through the 20th century and still continues in the last decades and first decade of the 21st century. The author makes a conclusion that the conceptual system of humanities and social sciences has been undergoing principal changes over the mentioned periods. New cognitive terminology is introduced, which fundamentally changes humanitarian and social knowledge, though it was considered as non- and pseudoscientific in the Early Modern Period

This paper attempts to reveal the content of economic theory in a two-focused way: from the perspective of realism stating that scientific theories reflect the real world, and constructivism arguing that scientific theories create their own world which only slightly correlates with the real one. The study of a number of works by contemporary foreign economists provides a brief review of their attitudes towards the problem of economic theories - real world correlation. The author argues that there is no direct logical deducibility of theory from empiricism (if it is not only an empirical theory) as well as empirical consequences from theory, but the studied correlation is more nuanced due to interpretative theories and correspondence rules.

He article discusses the phenomenon of disability through the dominant for a disabled person social institution - the family. The author focuses on the trends of interaction and mutual influence in the system of «family - disabled ». The author focuses on the trends of interaction and mutual influence in the «family - disabled» highlighting the main forms of family members’ attitude to disability. The author concludes that family affects the quality of life of persons with disabilities, their development and integration into society, formation of their personality, with the total effect depending largely on the family philosophy.

The article deals with the issue of personal security threatened by means of mass communication. The most relevant aspects in protecting the individual against possible threats to its development and freedom are identified. The directions are described in which protective actions could be implemented. Socially recognized modalities governing the media activities to produce and distribute information products are considered. These modalities can be identified on the basis of the threats that a particular mass communication means carries.

Conservatism is treated in the article as a phenomenon the analysis of which is possible to conduct on different levels. The author admits the possibility of logical, ontological, epistemological, psychological, deontological, praxiological, theoretical, political, historiographic interpretation of conservatism. The necessity of exact differentiation of such terms as “the principle of preservation”, “conservative”, “conservatism” is stated in order to clarify the nature of conservatism. The conclusion is made of possible theoretical and political levels of analysis if only conservatism is treated universally.

The paper examines the phenomenon of game in its connection with such elements of culture and social categories as rite, ritual, and ceremony. The author reveals archetypical foundation and genetic closeness of game and reality defining their common attributive and specific features, which let us to create the integrated model of perception. The relationships between game and religion culture and gaming components of ceremonies are analyzed with special focus on their role as social communicators. Social importance, socio-cultural functions, metamorphoses and transformations of these phenomena and prospects of their influence on people and modern society are studied.

The article examines the key ideas of foreign philosophy of dialogue among civilizations by such others as M. Michalis, F. Petito, H. Köhler. Showing humanistic potential of hermeneutical approach to the theory of dialogue among civilizations in a spiritual crisis of global communication. New civilization discourse includes political, religious and cultural dimensions reflecting moral consensus between the parties of the dialogue among civilizations based on the priority of spiritual values over material ones.

Under modern conditions of instability of social life, transformation of public institutions, uncertainty of social regulators the most promising research methodology of educational space of Russian society, given its complexity, spiritual ambivalence, political and economic engagement and commitment of some social actors to endow education with relative moral characteristics is the axiological approach. It takes into account the value specificity of the studied object, its social ties and relations. In this paper an attempt is made to interpret the essential features of Russian educational space in modern conditions by means of axiological analysis

The article considers the problem of relationship between economic and sociocultural aspects of the development of modern society, the issue of solving this problem in contemporary social thought. The author analyzes the mechanisms of the development of socio-cultural alienation forms and discusses socio-cultural risks that arise in terms of depriving social and cultural forms of their authentic real substance. Promising lines of the analysis of these problems are identified, and possible solutions are proposed.

This article is dedicated to the philosophy of creativity by the great Russian thinker and theologian S. N. Bulgakov. According to Bulgakov, creativity is the most difficult way for human. It requires courage of being in two worlds: the heavenly and the earthly ones; servicing the Absolute with the awareness of its unattainability and incomparability with human things; audacity for the knowledge of evil both in the world and within people themselves; and in spite of all things searching for spiritual and eternal only. Bulgakov treats creativity as a certain encounter and interpenetration of two worlds: the immanent and the transcendental, as transformation of the created and the world, as worshiping and ascend to God.

In the article discusses the problem of existential grounds of self-identification. The methodological «weaknesses» in essentialist and constructivist approach are highlighted. It is emphasized that the result of the dominance of constructivist methodology is explicit or implicit interpretation of any socio-cultural identities as principal coincidences. The development of existential approach is associated with the idea of «participatory thinking» by M.M. Bakhtin. Attention is drawn to the existential experience of death and mortality on the Other as a hidden mechanism of genuine self-identification which can manifest itself in pain and anxiety.

This article examines the influence of the Scottish school philosophy of the Enlightenment that has become the organic part of the 19-th century American philosophy and culture on the formation of the American moral philosophy of that period. The author proves the impact of philosophical ideas of the 18-th century Scottish school representatives on the development of ethical, political and legal, educational thoughts of the 19-th century America, which is manifested in the fact that it was particularly close especially to American thinking. In human rights Americans relied on common sense and self-evident truths.

The article considers the part of modern Left Eurasianism philosophical and ideological doctrine concerning the national problem. The research includes both analysis of the corresponding Left Eurasianist ideas and their comparison with other views. This article consists of two parts: national problems in modern Russia and prospects of the Eurasian Union. After analyzing these ideas the author inferred that Left Eurasianism is capable of solving the national problem rather positively.

The article analyses the ontological features of meek-mindedness. Reference to the ideal good of Christian values becomes essential for Russia’s spiritual and philosophical searches. Humanistic character of Christian morality is in recognition of meek-mindedness standing above selfish interests of an individual or a group. The article describes the nature of meek-mindedness and analyses the ideological opposition of a sincere and spiritual persons, the spirit of the mind and the spirit of humbleness as the bases of the Russian religious philosophy. The article also indicates the necessity of rethinking of the conventional values of Russians and Russia.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the anthology of time in existential philosophy of Karl Jaspers. The fundamentals of Jasper’s philosophic concept of time are shown. A connection between being and consciousness through time is analyzed. It is shown that time allows of the being of humanity replenishing its existence with eternity. It is time that makes communication possible, which means principal openness, and unlocking of human’s existence. As a result, K. Jasper’s concept of time is a difficult system, and time is perceived as the unity of psychical and transcendent, personal and historic, instant and eternal, single and universal

The article philosophically examines a new understanding of the term «technical» which undergoes changes under the influence of the achievements of modern regenerative medicine. The paper substantiates the idea that the border between natural and technical is increasingly eroded when methods and technologies of regenerative medicine are applied. That may result in a complete transformation of a human body into its biotechnical equivalent. It is highlighted that such changes are inevitably threatening and creation of the man-made world ethics more suitable for a new type of man is required.