The article argues the socio-ontological aspect of envy considering it a challenge of modernity. Special attention is paid to envy as a phenomenon of personal self-consciousness. It is substantiated that the prevalence of envy is determined by new opportunities for rendering justice, loss of confidence in social and interpersonal interactions and socially justified suspicion. By analyzing the phenomenon of envy at both theoretical and practical levels the author comes to the conclusion that envy is a sign of modern social life. The study of envy can be promising in the context of the analysis of such problems as social justice, mistrust and suspicion.

The article underlines the geopolitical and civilization value of the victory of the Soviet people World War II thus opposing to new tendencies of the information war in course of which the winners become the defended, enemies become heroes, and evil turns into good. From ambivalent positions the author also considers the personality of Stalin, the generalissimos of the Soviet Union. As a geopolitician Stalin was strategically sagacious. Being a hard dictator to his own people, he was also strict to himself and his close relatives. This inflexibility was conditioned not by Stalin’s awful character, but the historical situation of the time. The author concludes that in response to external violence Stalin resorted to internal violence forcing his people to submit to his will for the sake of victory over the enemy, for the salvation of the Eurasian civilization. That is why he became the greatest geopolitician and party dictator.

Open public consciousness as a sustainable social consciousness should be provided with positive feedback and a set direction of social development, the so-called vector of development of social consciousness. In this paper, we consider the public consciousness as an open system through its stability. In this case the public consciousness is characteristic of continuity, regular opportunity to return to its initial state in the phase space during the development, and little to deviate from a certain state at small changes. The author concludes that for the purposes of the fruitful activity of the mass media and interpersonal communication it is necessary to study in theory the ratio of information awareness and society’s real life.

The city forms a dynamic system. This postulate is based on the systemic-semiotic approach according to which the city is a structuring entity in the interaction of its agents and space. The aim of the study is to comprehend the variability of the philosophical understanding of the city from the perspective of its relationship with the residents. Personality and society characterize many processes in the city; shape it as a unique area of life. Being a medium of socialization, sphere where creative energy could be applied and vital problems could be tackled the city determines the development of the population. A study of the interaction of the urban environment and its subjects seem to be relevant knowledge in the light of contemporary cities’ transformations.

The author carried out a socio-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of Cossacks, which allowed him to analyze the causes of their origin in Old Rus and Russia, the main of which was a military one. The article states that the Cossacks included all ethnic and other communities that lived in the Russian regions with the highest military conflict indicators. The social essence of Cossacks was their readiness to carry out effective military actions against aggressors. Cossacks’ transition to public service to the Russian sovereign transformed them into a class with the corresponding duties to the authorities and certain rights. The author concludes that Cossacks is a historically formed large social community of people of various ethnic composition occupying a certain status in the hierarchical structure of the Russian society with their duties, rights, privileges for compulsory service, legally fixed and inherited. Cossacks formed and consolidated in their life certain material and spiritual values which largely predetermined their relationship to other social communities, to the state authority and to themselves.

The article reviews ancient and modern literary works about will, the consequences of actions or passivity, danger of subordination and desire to do everything in one’s own way at all costs. The author analyses the views of western and eastern philosophers on the aim of human actions and compares western and oriental value orientations and approaches to human activity in historical perspective. On the basis of all these reflections it is concluded that humans should be conscious of and responsible for their actions, including even inaction, and the choice they make in their life.

The article analyzes the interconnection and interdependence between a philosopheme and creative activity in human cognition. By analyzing the philosophemes in the literary works of Russian religious philosophers, such as P. Chaadaev, A. Khomyakov, I. Kireyevskij and P. Phlorenskij, the authors of the article demonstrate how the insight into creativity opens an opportunity of genuine comprehension of the philosopheme as a necessary tool of cognition. The body of studied material includes text passages, judgments, conclusions and concepts in the works of the mentioned authors whose extent of philosophical pursuit characterizes the period of the 19th -20th centuries. It is concluded that the philosopheme can be defined as a multi-layered phenomena not being connected with a particular philosophical issue but covering the whole spectrum of ideas and capable of describing the conceptual field, vector and verbal expression of a genuine creative act.

The article is an approach to solving an important historical and philosophical problem of defining the specifics of G. Spet’s methaphysics. So far the problem has not been elaborated enough in the national philosophical literature, though it seems to be essential in maintaining the affiliation of Spet’s philosophy with the Russian philosophical tradition. Based on vast historical data and accomplished with historical, hermeneutical, analytical, ideographical, nomothetical research methods and some psycholinguistic techniques (“off/text-concept” definition) the study allowed the author to associate G. Spet with other Russian philosophers of the 1920-1930-s and to qualify his philosophy as deeply centered on an unmanifested concept of the substantiality of litchnost (taken as litchnostnost) - the basis for the ontic concrete Being.

The sign of transitivity, instability of the modern society is the loss of its basic moral guidelines. In difficult conditions, when new moral principles are only in the process of formation, the young generation will have to make a moral choice. This choice should be based on a high level of spiritual development of the individual. In this case, according to the Russian philosopher of the first half of the twentieth century, I.A. Ilyin, patriotism acts as the fundamental basis of the individual. I.A. Ilyin developed a universal method of patriotic education. Outside social environment, the personality gets deformed losing its harmony and integrity. By using the methods of a comparative philosophical analysis, historical-philosophical reconstruction, and the method of interpretation the author of the article argues the priority of the spiritual principle in inspiring patriotism in the personality, which ultimately forms the basis of the humane society.

The article analyzes the mutual influence and connection of two phenomena: “Russian communism” and “Russian identity”. The purpose of this article is to analyze and describe the properties, characteristics, features of the manifestation of the phenomenon of Russian identity in the period of “Russian communism” in Russia (the USSR) which is regarded as a stage of historical creativity and attempts to translate the ideals of communism into reality. The author comes to the conclusion that Russian identity due to historical reasons merged with Marxist’s non-viable dogma and turned into the Russian communism the creative originality of which demonstrated to the whole world an alternative way of mankind’s evolution as well as both positive and negative experience of the process and the results of historical creativity.

The article is devoted to the problem of mathematization of science illustrated by the examples from the history of physics and chemistry. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the concept of “operationalism” formulated in N. Mouloud’s structuralism. The study traces the origin of operationalism to Descartes’ mathematics and its philosophical grounding in Discourse on the Method and then covers further penetration of operational mathematical tools into physics and chemistry. The author shows a progressive role of operationalism in emergence of new scientific concepts and reveals its limitations in creating a common language of chemistry. The outcome of operationalism in the history of science is total mathematization promoting the development of formal systems, language and the predictive function of science. The author comes to the conclusion that this process crashes in chemistry due to the impossibility of complete unification and codification of the properties of chemical particles by means of mathematical means, that is why chemistry remains an independent science.