Aim. To analyze the structure and content of the category of Being and, on this basis, to offer a creation of a new view of the world around, giving a new impetus to the development of fundamental and humanitarian science. Methodology. The work uses discursive methods of comparative analysis, which accompanied by philosophical reflection, enable indicating the essential features in various theories describing Being. The synthesis method was used, which helped form a new look at the category. Results. The analysis showed that Being is a speculative category that reflects the unity of all things. This category is the result of the generalized ideas of various forms of individual and group consciousness. Its content is determined by the human psyche and the primordial matter, the fundamental principle, the substance that gave rise to a man and the entire world perceived by him. Research implications. The role of philosophy in forming Being category is substantiated and, thereby, in creating the general picture of the world on the basis of generalizing various forms of individual and group consciousness.

Aim. To consider the relationship between pseudomorphosis, superposition of cultural models and civilizational synthesis. Methodology. In order to more effectively study this problem, the author used the following methodological means: general scientific and specific scientific methods - deduction and induction, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, analysis, synthesis, generalization, socio-philosophical analysis, hermeneutic method. Results. The analysis showed that Russian civilization is interpreted as a specific socio-system, the historical development of which demonstrates composite properties. Civilizational discourse is understood as the main strategy for comprehending the features of the historical development of Russia. The necessity of forming a system-evolutionary model of the Russian civilization development is substantiated. Research implications. The material on the topic under study is summarized, the correlation of pseudomorphosis, superposition of cultural models and civilizational synthesis is clarified.

Aim. To identify the specifics of the ideas about the social security of the Russian-Chinese border in Chinese studies of the Russian-Chinese interaction Methodogy. An analysis of Chinese studies of the Russian-Chinese interaction is carried out in order to identify ideas about social security in them by the method of historical introspection and conceptualization. Results. The result of the study is the conceptualization of aspects of social security in Chinese descriptions of the Russian-Chinese interaction in the period up to the 70s of the XX century within the framework of the Imperial Concept, where the key importance had a relationship between China and Russia, as a threat to security. The second result is identification of the aspects of the Imperial Concept transformation in the period of 80-90s of the XX century within the framework of ideas proving the presence of “Russian threat” and ideas, according to which Russia may have both negative and positive impact on the formation of social security. The third result is determination of the specifics of social security the understanding in Chinese studies of the Russian-Chinese interaction in the XXI century, where, along with the “imperial concept”, under the influence of the Western methodology, the concept of “social regionalism” was formed, which consider as the factors of the social security of the border region a wide circle of social processes, such as: economic development, the integration of the region, the policy aimed at resolving social problems and contradictions, strategies for the formation of regional consciousness and identity. Research implications. The theoretical value of the study is associated with the determination of the specifics of Chinese approaches to understanding the social security of the Russian-Chinese border. The practical significance is related to the allocation of assessment and descriptive aspects of social security in Chinese concepts and the determination of their applicability when analyzing the problems of this social system development.

Aim. To study the phenomenon transhumanism not only from the point of view of the philosophical and political movement of the present time, but also as a kind of religious faith based on the ideas of scientific and technological progress. Methodology. To study this problem more effectively the author used the following methodological means: general scientific and specific scientific methods - methods of deduction and induction, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, analysis, synthesis, generalization, historical and philosophical method. Results. The analysis showed that transhumanism is a complex of experiments on humans, as well as a modern form of materialism. The main engine of the ideology of transhumanism is fear, or rather the fear of death. Today transhumanism is a political project aimed at forming a new global philosophical and worldview system of a single technogenic civilization. Transhumanism proclaims a new religion - the religion of man-godhood, where, through a change in his mind and body, a person himself becomes the arbiter of his fate, can feel it, transform it and even subordinate it to his own will. Research implications. New material on the topic under study is summarized. The basic concepts regarding the phenomenon of transhumanism are clarified and supplemented. It is shown that today transhumanism is a political project aimed at the formation of a new global philosophical and worldview system of a unified technogenic civilization.

Aim. To study the meaning and the conditions of the reality. Representative democracy needs an effective mechanism of political representation. The obvious crisis of the classical («mimetic») model of representation determines the relevance of two research tasks: firstly, determining the conditions of the evidence mentioned and, secondly, studying ways to overcome the crisis. In modern Western philosophy, F.R. Ankersmit substantiates the concept of «aesthetic political representation», the study of the meaning and conditions of reality of which is the purpose of this article. Methodology. Philosophical interpretation, aimed at finding a «radical» (that is, «metaphysical») concept, which combines the real and the actual (K. Schmitt, M. Heidegger), is a way of research in cases when it comes to meaning and boundaries. Results. In the course of the work, in the horizon of the two paradigms of political Western political ontology, the main characteristics of the two ways of representation, mimetic and aesthetic, were identified. The conditions of opportunity for each of them are determined. The conclusion is substantiated about the representation of the political in the liberal version of the economic paradigm of the political requires the exclusion of personifications in favor of the «impersonal automatism of the rules» Research implications. The result of the research is the identification of the boundaries of the «area of meaning» of two opposite systems of political representation, presented in the article as «radical concepts». Specific tasks are determined that are solved by F. R. Ankersmit’s esthetic political representation, the concept of which was worked out, according to its author’s definition, «to save Western representative democracy».

Aim. Analysis of the issues of understanding the specifics of the socio-cultural influence of the traditions of patriotism and holiness on the development of the phenomenon of the «Russian world» to understand the complexity of social processes occurring at the present stage of the development of the Russian state. The period of transformation of the Russian social system of the twentieth century is characterized by the erosion of its spiritual component. As a result, the systemic crisis has deepened, the way out of which actualizes the analysis of the historical origins of Russian spirituality. Methodology. The body of texts has been analyzed. The methodology of the research is based on the Russian philosophers’ concepts that allow us to reveal the phenomenon of the «Russian world», where the main values are dominated by patriotism and holiness. Results. The analysis showed that the “Russian world” traditions do not only stimulate the development of Russian culture at the present stage, but also reveal the prospects for the moral self-awareness of the younger generations. The essence of the problem is, firstly, to overcome the dehumanization of social values, among which an important place is given to spirituality, and, secondly, to find a way for the national spiritual culture out of the crisis. Research implications. Addressing the challenges of modernity can be facilitated by addressing the moral and cultural traditions of Russian philosophy, as well as the spiritual and moral values inherited by modern citizens of Russia. The author points out that the generalization of the spiritual experience of the «Russian world» from the point of view of the needs of modern society has a scientific value.

Aim. To study the influence of the national culture of economic management on the economic mentality of the Russian person. Methodology. The main content of the research is the analysis of complex and changeable dialectic of the personal and public interests of the Russian person through his views, behavior and actions in the economic sphere. For this purpose, a method consisting of universal cultural indices, developed by G. Hofstede, is scrutinized. This method was used in both western and Russian scientists’ works. Results. The analysis states that for effective cooperation within organizations, where people of different nationalities work, it is important to know and take into account differences in national cultures. The conducted research allows us to conclude that all the success of the economy of any nation is based on a solid foundation of centuries-old cultural traditions and customs, spiritual and moral values and ideals, social structure and features of the adopted ideology of management. Research implications. The new material on the theme of the research is generalized. The results of the research contribute to the study of the economic mentality of the Russian people.

Aim. To consider the place of the legal mechanism in the system of the general philosophical process of motivation for implementing the goals of the Sustainable Development Strategy. Methodology. The research is based on philosophical methodology (structural component analysis and systems approach). The research was carried out in an interdisciplinary field - at the junction of philosophy of legal and social philosophy. Results. The research results showed the integrative connection of the legal mechanism with the economic and organizational mechanism of the mentioned process motivation. Using a specific example of the German Sustainable Development Strategy the scheme of the legal mechanism is presented. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider and apply economic, organizational and legal mechanisms within the framework of a unified integration mechanism of motivation. Research implications. The results obtained contribute to the formation of an effective inter-organizational integration in order to achieve an effective functioning of legal mechanisms.

Aim. To identify the premises of the concepts of acme and kate in the philosophy of Heraclitus. Methodology. The article examines the surviving fragments of the works of Heraclitus. The following methods were used: problematic and descriptive analytics of specific primary sources in the context of ideas about the top and bottom. Philosophically, the authors focused on hermeneutic and dialectical methods. Results. In the course of the work, the acmeological aspect of the philosophy of Heraclitus was revealed, which is revealed through the analysis of the dialectics of the basic concepts of the philosophical concept of the great thinker: order (Logos as the internal structure of fire) and chaos (fire as a material cause). This antithesis is interpreted in an acmeological key, that is, as a dialectical contradiction of the second order (between upward and downward movement), behind which a new contradiction is hidden - between acme and kate. The assertion of the unity and struggle of oppositely directed forces leads Heraclitus to the dialectical idea of harmony, which can only be cognized through the most detailed comparison of acme and kate, since they do not exist without each other. Research implications. The results of the research contribute to the development of the concepts of acmeology, and also make it possible to expand the conceptual field in the philosophical theory of development.

Aim. To find a way out of the existing anthropological crisis generated by outstanding scientific discoveries in the field of biology, genetic engineering and anthropogenetics. Methodology. The methodology of the article is the analysis of the essential features of anthropological crisis, as well as possible religious, philosophical and legal ways to overcome it. Results. Based on the analysis of the current stage of the world social development, the need to preserve a person as a subject in his spiritual and intellectual essence entirety is revealed. For this purpose it is proposed to organize a broad philosophical and legal discussion about the admissibility and limits of the invasion of biotechnology into a person’s privacy. Research implications. The research contributes to the awareness of the aggravating problem of biotechnology in the context of understanding the essence of man and the prospects for human development.