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Contemporary Philosophical Research

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No 2 (2020)
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ONTOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY

8-19 104
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the work is a philosophical analysis of the problem of the ratio of objective and virtual reality in the structure of human life and the definition of the role of consciousness in reflecting the surrounding reality. Methodology and Approach. The analysis of theoretical material on the relationship between objective and virtual reality in human life was conducted. The theoretical methodology if the research includes: general philosophical dialectic method, abstraction, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, mental modeling of images of objective and virtual reality. Results. The analysis revealed the positive role of virtual reality, which is increasingly used in various spheres of human activity. At the same time, the author considered its negative role in the processes of reflection of the material world. The article raises the question of derealization of human consciousness as a result of frequent use of virtual space. The author shows that the artificially created virtual reality leads to the formation of false images in the human mind that interfere with the perception of the real world. The analysis showed that today virtual reality often serves as a way of escaping current problems and receiving positive emotions. The author was able to analyze the ideas of Th. Aquinas, R. Descartes and the views of modern philosophers on the problem of virtualization of being and the reason for the attractiveness of the virtual world. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The author makes an original pattern of the emergence of derealization of human consciousness under the influence of virtual images of consciousness and impaired perception of the real world. According to the author of the article, a search is necessary for the criteria for the correlation of objective and virtual reality to reflect human reality and further study the phenomenon of "cloudy glass".
20-26 65
Abstract
Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the philosophical and ideological content of the problem of man vs technogenic civilization. Methodology and Approach. The author identifies the main trends in changing priorities in human attitude to the world in the context of globalization. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the manifestations of the transformation of modern social consciousness. Results. In everyday life, a modern person is faced with huge flows of information, receives knowledge from a variety of sources that sometimes contradict each other. However, the criteria for accepting or rejecting information may be completely different. A distinctive feature of the post-non-classical type of rationality is the ability to make operational decisions based on the use of a significant amount of information data. The weak side of this type of rationality is the involvement of its carriers in the field of various information manipulations. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications of this article lie in the analysis of transformations of public consciousness, which will allow us to build an image of the rationality of the future through the study of current trends.

OCIAL PHILOSOPHY

27-34 80
Abstract
Рurpose: substantiation of new approaches in the education system at the post-non-classical stage: dialogical, existentialist, hermeneutic, synergetic, which focus not on the object and the search for objective truth, but on the subject with all the wealth of its spiritual world and subject-subject relations both in education and in all other spheres of human activity. Methodology and Approach. The work is based on a systemic approach, taking into account the interdisciplinary significance of the subject. Results. It has been revealed that a dialogic method presupposing a parity dialogue at all levels can be a means of solving both private problems and a global survival issue. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The research results can be used to improve the competency-based approach in the education system under modernization.
35-43 69
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this work is to identify the main components of the "legal mechanism" accompanying national projects in modern Russia by using the experience of performing social duties in the USSR. Methodology and Approach. The article identifies the reasons that hinder the implementation of the national projects announced by the state, as well as the analysis and evaluation of legal means that were used in the USSR in the execution of social responsibilities. The methodology of the research includes: analogy, comparative method, generalization, interpretation of the results. Results. The work clarified a number of concepts related to the legal support of state national projects in modern Russia, disclosed the contents of the main components of the "legal mechanism" accompanying the implementation of state-stated national projects and revealed the actual role of law in public activities of the country's authorities. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The results of the study contribute to the theory of law, as well as to the practice of public-legal administration.
44-50 70
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to study the processes of transformation of spiritual and moral values and their formation in quasi-fractal social structures. Methodology and Approach. The article considers a systemic approach to the problem of modern education and other social systems in the context of digital globalization. This approach allows us to explain the process of formation of spiritual and moral values of the individual in a quasi-fractal educational system, to determine the structured models of behavior of subjects in social reality. Results. In the course of the study, the features of the value foundation of social systems were identified, and a socio-philosophical analysis of the value-content social and personality-oriented activities of interaction subjects in the quasi-fractal educational system was carried out. Theoretical and / or Practical implications. The results of the research contribute to the methodological base of social philosophy and are caused by the transformation of the value-content potential of social and cultural experience of generations through the educational system into structured quasi-fractal elements of society through the energy and information exchange of spiritual and moral values.
51-56 97
Abstract
Purpose: to reveal the genesis of morin khuur as an ethnic "horse instrument" embodying a unique layer of Mongolian folk music culture based on the principle of "respect for antiquity", understanding and perception of music as a reflection of nature; to formulate recommendations for the popularization of the traditional model of morin khuur as a carrier of the cultural code of Mongolian nomadic culture. Methodology and Approach. The author used comparative-analytical methods (in field studies in Outer and Inner Mongolia and while preparing encyclopedic reference materials); method of historical reconstruction (to reflect the stages of evolution of ancient Mongolian instruments; general philosophical methods and principles, contextual and cultural-historical approaches (to conceptualize ethnic Mongolian music). Results. It is proved that the birth of the traditional morin khuur was the result of a long evolution of the ancient Mongolian instruments of the period of mining - hunting and nomadic cultures metaphorically represented by a "horse harp". The author suggests the original typology of morin huur family instruments and makes recommendations to promote the instrument and enhance its "image" in musical education system and culture of China. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The value of the research is in the author's original ideas (including practical ones) which can be of interest to craftsmen, specialists in modern morin huur; in field (expedition) studies; interpretation of the cycle of legends associated with morin huur; in the development of a philosophical definition of morin huur reflecting its sound and design specifics; in recommendations for the popularization of morin huur in modern musical and performing culture of Inner Mongolia and China.
57-68 158
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the work is to reveal universal errors that hinder the development of social forecasting theory and practice, to formulate recommendations for their elimination. Methodology and Approach. The authors analyzed the evolution of social forecasting. On the basis of structural and functional analysis the typical errors of social forecasting are revealed, the estimation of possible methods of their blocking is carried out. Results. The research showed the presence of the following errors in the system of social forecasting: direct extrapolation, shortening of forecast horizons, catastrophic (alarmist) nature of forecasts. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. Identification of the methodological foundations of social forecasting errors and proposals for their elimination; social forecasting and reality feedback. The article is addressed to specialists in the field of social philosophy, sociology, forecasting.
69-74 93
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to explore the nature of information and substantiate the information approach to the nature of man. Methodology and Approach. The analysis of the studies on the nature of information in various branches of scientific knowledge is carried out. The main content of the study is the author’s analysis of the properties and characteristics of the existence of information in surrounding reality. The study used the analysis method, hermeneutics, reflection and rational modeling. Results. Based on the study, we can conclude that information is an integral immanent, substantial property of any existing subject. Information defines an object and exists in a specific natural form. The information approach to man involves identification of intrapersonal information components that determine their formation and development. The interiorized information moulds humans, in other words, it makes their essence. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The study allows us to enrich the idea of the nature of information and human essential characteristics.

THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

75-81 156
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to correlate the paradigm of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical thoughts of S. Rubinstein with the modern concept of “the knowledge society”. Methodology and Approach. In solving the research problem, historical, ideographic, nomothetic, comparative analysis methods are used; hermeneutic interpretation and psycho-philosophical portraiture procedures are applied. Results. The analysis shows that the philosophical and psychological paradigm of Rubinstein as applied to the pedagogical field, is the paradigm of the ethical subject (the principle of consciousness-responsible activity/act), understood as the upbringing of the active person. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The results of the study demonstrate an attempt to rethink “Rubinstein’s paradigm” at a new stage of the development of Russian social sciences, to re-actualize this concept in the contemporary pedagogy.
82-94 75
Abstract
Purpose. The main purpose of the article is introduction of the philosophical and mystical views of A. N. Scriabin in the course of modern historical and philosophical research of Russian mysticism. Methodology and Approach. The article offers an analysis of Scriabin's views in the course of mystical philosophy. It is emphasized that Scriabin's ideas were largely inspired by the teachings and activities of E. P. Blavatskaya. Results. It is shown that A. N. Scriabin sought to turn the musical art into a philosophical and mystical work. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. Scriabin’s work has been organically integrated into the main trends of world mysticism, confirming the General direction of development of other Russian mystics. Parallels are drawn between the ideas and practices of Scriabin and other representatives of Russian and world mysticism.
95-108 69
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of contradiction in logical and philosophical search by outstanding Russian philosophers and methodologists of the early 20th century - N. A. Vasiliev and P. A. Florensky; to show how the idea of contradictions in being and thinking influenced the choice of logical topics by two famous thinkers of the Silver Age. Methodology and Approach. The methodology of the study includes the method of constructing formulas of the propositional calculus language, the method of graphical representation of the relationships between attributive judgments and the judgments of imaginary logic in the form of a logical square and a triangle of opposites of imaginary logic, a comparative historical method based on the analysis of sources on the history of logic. Results. It was concluded that the starting point for the creation of non-classical paraconsistent teachings was a desire to overcome the contradictions in knowledge, on the one hand, and to substantiate theological provisions, on the other. Moreover, the author considers not only similarities, but also differences in the philosophical constructions of N. Vasiliev and P. Florensky. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it sheds light on the history of the Russian school of logic.
109-116 66
Abstract
Purpose -to study the synthetic structures of German philosophers of the 18th - early 19th centuries associated with ethical and aesthetic synthesis. Methodology and Approach. The author analyzes the phenomenon of the inextricably inseparable unity of ethics and aesthetics in the theories of Lessing, Kant, Schiller, Hegel, using the term "perichoresis". In accordance with the purpose of the study, dialectic, comparative and descriptive methods are used. Results. Identified and analyzed the synthetic ideas of German philosophers, substantiating the unity of ethical and aesthetic as attributes of human spirituality. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. In an anesthetized modern culture, fundamental philosophical categories are actualized, and classical synthetic theories become especially important.

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

117-126 113
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the problem of truth of two qualitatively different levels of scientific knowledge: sensory (data of observation and experiment) and empirical (protocol proposals, facts, empirical laws, phenomenological theories). Methodology and Approach. A comparison of subjects of these levels and methods of obtaining different units of knowledge at each of these levels is made. In understanding their truth, the author proceeds from the classical, Aristotelian concept of truth as the correspondence of the content of the judgment to the subject of the judgment. Results. The results of the study: substantiation of the need to fix and distinguish in the structure of scientific knowledge of any discipline its two basic, but qualitatively different levels: sensory and empirical, differences in subjects, methods and criteria for the truth of these levels of knowledge. The multicomponent structure of the criterion of truth of each unit of scientific knowledge is shown. The qualitative difference in their content causes a difference in the criteria of their truth. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The practical significance of the study is as follows: a new, more specific scale for assessing the truth of various elements of sensory and empirical knowledge in science is proposed, the most important common element of which is the expert opinion of the scientific community (scientific consensus).
127-133 120
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze the phenomenon of «artificial intelligence» from the standpoint of philosophical and scientific analysis, to compare human and artificial intelligence, to show their potential. Methodology and Approach. The article highlights the main problems of artificial intelligence formation, including the set of socio-cultural conditions hindering its full construction. Ethical questions arising within the «human / machine» system are also discussed. Results. The use of artificial intelligence systems in human life has a number of serious consequences - existential, moral, intellectual, etc. Theoretical and practical results of the artificial intelligence application coordinate the mechanisms of interaction between the two main levels of the universe - natural and socio-cultural. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The article notes the potential of scientific, technical and philosophical research in the field of artificial intelligence for the future development of the society. This opens such boundaries of the reality that have been previously inaccessible for humans.

INVITATION TO DISCUSSION

134-141 87
Abstract
Purpose. The negative effects of the expansion of technoscience, like an inexorable fate, weigh on the future of society. We mean, first of all, technologies of influence on consciousness, behavior and communication that lead to dehumanization, deformation, destruction, degradation, and derealization of the anthroposphere. Methodology and Approach. The study is based on systemic approach. Results. In the current extremely alarming situation of the undivided domination of technologies of re-creation, human improvement, bio-, socioart, there is a need to prevent the technological expansion of the sapient by humanitarian development. The central place is given to the universal adaptation of avant-garde technologies based on cultural similarity. Theoretical and / or Practical Implications. The research argues the necessity of determining the mainstream of human development, laws of culture, and the basis for human growth.


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ISSN 2949-5121 (Print)
ISSN 2949-5148 (Online)