Based on the methodological capacities of a cross-scientific category “system” the author of the article attempts at determining the nature of a historical phenomenon as a system. The existing interpretations of the notion “system” are considered and their strengths and weaknesses are revealed. The identified essential features of the system are further extrapolated on historical phenomena. The author stresses the necessity of applying this kind of philosophical analysis to historical research.

Being a substantial foundation of public life collaborative activity is associated with targeted improvement of human life and historically formed social relationships which are rather strained. The tensions in the system of collaborative activity and the efforts of the agents are determined by the effect they produced on the working environment in which their reasonable endeavors are subjectively concerned. The agents’ interest plays a unique role in the formation of certain social relationships characterized by positive or negative tension. This article argues that tension can and should be managed particularly by such an effective tool as a tax. From the perspective of socio-philosophical category tax is a multi-criteria optimizer of the problems of stable development of the system of collaborative activity.

The article considers the sources, driving forces and instruments of corruption, as well as losses from corruption as a result of corruptioners’ activity. It is shown that the implementation of analytical tools that are already available to determine the importance of anticorruption component of the processes that are connected with administrative control allows us not only to give a qualitative evaluation of this parameter of measuring the activity of civil servants, but also to forecast the consequences of bureaucratic environment reformation. The urgency of this problem is related to the high level of corruption in Russian bureaucracy.

The article is devoted to studying the formation of theories of political decision taking in the Ancient world. The features of political decision taking inherent in various socio-cultural societies are revealed. From the perspective of philosophical understanding of socio-cultural types the influence of philosophical thought is considered on administrative activity in general and political decision taking in particular. The analysis of the evolution of the theory of administration and mechanism of political decision taking in different ancient civilizations brings the author to the conclusion that the development of administrative activity in the East and the West differed and each entity pursued its own way according to its socio-cultural peculiarities.

Nowadays under the conditions of growing migration flows migrants adaptation is a crucial element of maintaining the capacity of economic development, preventing social tensions and preserving stability in the city of Moscow. The analyzed statistics allows of concluding that it is the educational system that is a key institution of socio-cultural adaptation and social security risk reduction. Educational programs offered by the state bodies and public organizations are of top priority in the system of migrants’ self-identification.

The analysis of the idea of freedom used to result with Russian philosophers in various implications about its origin, structure and functions. Some considered freedom a chaotic, negative source and opposed it to providencialism and positive determinism. Others recognized in freedom not personal, but patrimonial, universal characteristics, a spiral movement to a qualitatively new level of personalism. Having said that, all thinkers were unanimous in understanding freedom as a required condition of personal life completeness, a major anthropological value by means of which the good and evil are measured.

The article deals with the ontological features of purity and righteousness. The reference to the ideal good of Christian values became logical continuation of Russia’s spiritual and philosophical searches. Humanistic character of Christian morality is revealed in recognition of the absolute values standing above material individual and group interests. The nature of purity and righteousness is described. The author considers the ideological opposition of the spirit of human ratio and the spirit of Christian values as a methodological basis of Russian religious philosophy. The ontological aspect of the unrighteousness of the soul is analyzed and the urgency of radical (Christian) rethinking of modern Russia’s values is stressed.

Since the 11th century the idea of soul and bodily integrity had been reflected in the writings of medieval scribes based on patristic texts of theoretically mature Christian philosophical and theological tradition. However on the Russian soil this tradition received a peculiar interpretation and took a shape of original anthropocentric and moralistic conceptions. Positive understanding of corporeality, its treatment as a reality by which the Absolute reveals its existence to the world rather than a biblical symbol provide evidence that Russian scribes creatively perceived the principle of symbolic realism.

The article characterizes the Russian philosophical language as a special type of the language of science. The issue of the relationship between language of philosophy and the philosophy of language is considered. The author argues that the philosophy of language deals with the national language, but not metalanguage of philosophy, thus a special discipline is required to research the philosophical language and its types. However at present such discipline does not exist and is not possible, as the language of philosophy is philosophy itself. Different types of philosophical languages are identified, depending on the type of philosophy, because the language of philosophy corresponds to the subject of philosophy. It is concluded that Russian philosophy is more inclined to artistic philosophical language as Russian philosophy tends to literature from which it is born. In this respect a very important question arises about the translation from the literary language to the philosophical one emerging as a result of this translation.