During the global evolution of science there was a change of four of its cultural and historical types: ancient Oriental science, ancient science, medieval European science, modern science. The formation of the last cultural and historical type occurred in Europe in the Renaissance and Modern times. It is based on an experimental study of cognizable objects at the empirical level and a mathematical description of their laws at the theoretical level. However, this cultural and historical type of science has also passed in its development a number of stages: classical science (17th - 19th centuries), non-classical science (early 20th century - late 20th century), post-non-classical science (late 20th century - present time.) These stages differ qualitatively not only in their ontology (the predominant type of research objects): macro objects - classical science, micro objects - non- classical science and natural and social systems -post-non-classical science), but also in their epistemological and methodological foundations. The epistemological difference between them can be formulated as: inductivism (classical science), neo-inductivism (non-classical science) and constructivism (post-non-classical science). The article provides a rational reconstruction of the epistemological foundations of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical science and concludes on the qualitative, paradigmatic difference between classical, non-classical and post-non-classical epistemology. The article is aimed at the experts in ontology, epistemology, lecturers in philosophy and postgraduate students

The article aims to analyze the ontological foundations of the spiritual tradition at the levels of its actualization to form a mechanism of its transfer from a potential to a factor state. In this context, the spiritual tradition is considered at the objective and subjective levels, i.e. at the national (social) and personal levels. As a result of the research based on ontological and epistemological approaches, at the objective level, the spiritual tradition is formed through the prism of forms of social consciousness and daily practice. At the subjective level, the spiritual tradition is formed through the inner qualities of the person: the acquired knowledge, moral and aesthetic ideals and spiritual qualities. It is concluded that on the basis of these levels it will be possible to form a mechanism of transformation of the spiritual tradition into a spiritual factor of society. The article is intended for students, postgraduates and university lecturers, humanitarian training centers teachers and upgrading courses trainers.

The purpose of the article is to clarify and deepen the concept of the effectiveness of social development on the basis of comparative analysis of the criteria of the effectiveness of social action, from the point of view of the theorists from various fields of social and humanitarian knowledge. As a result of the study common and cross links in the understanding of the effectiveness of the authors studying the socio-economic, power-legal and psychological spheres of social development were found. It is concluded that in order to understand the social efficiency from the perspective of interdisciplinary analysis it is necessary to use an integrative approach aimed at the dialogue of sciences, the search for the unity of information, communication and value criteria of social development. Theoretical and practical significance of the study is to justify the feasibility of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of modern globalization conditions of the development of economy, politics, law, science, education, culture and various other lines of subject-subject communications. The article is addressed to the experts in the field of social philosophy, teachers of philosophy and postgraduate students.

The aim of the article is to analyze social innovation as a feature of the current stage of scientific and technological progress, which seeks to adapt the business sphere to universal values and reduce a gap between human production and socio-cultural aspects of life. The study mainly focuses on the analysis of the significance of innovative implementations in the sphere of production and business which in a market economy affects the value bases of an individual and society directing them towards the accumulation of funds and, thereby, suppressing the development of spiritual values. In this case innovative implementations become a link allowing to combine the production sphere with the socio-cultural development of the individual and society. Based on the analysis conclusions were made about the features of the current stage of scientific and technological progress, which should include the integration of scientific values with humanistic principles, social priority of any research activity, the inclusion of business into general philosophical system of knowledge, its participation in shaping the spiritual culture of man. The theoretical and practical value of the research lies in understanding social innovations as a necessary condition for any creative human activity. The universal principles of spiritual improvement, building a unified system of knowledge based on the interaction of the information got from the combined cognitive activity of an individual and society are realized in production and professional development of an individual. The article is aimed at experts in social philosophy, philosophy of education, lecturers in philosophy and postgraduate students.

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of growing threats to the spiritual roots of the individual and society and to identify the most important strategies for creating and developing a global integration model of social being. The main content of the study is an analysis of modern Russian society, which undergoes various shocks and therefore is constantly threatened with the safety of preservation of spiritual health. Author’s editions of such concepts as spiritual health, spiritual security of society, spiritual and moral development of the individual have been introduced, where spiritual security acts as a link in the chain of indicators of spiritual health of society. In conclusion, they formulated proposals for the preservation of the spiritual health of society, which should contain in its structure aspects of a healthy lifestyle, maintaining spiritual health and maintaining general vitality.

The article considers the influence of digitalization which formed a tendency to the formation of a single global virtual space with its own consumer culture on the formation of spiritual and moral values of the subjects of interaction in social systems. The research methodology includes systematic, informational, axiological approaches and a socio-philosophical analysis of the current problems of virtual reality. The attention is focused on the fact that many new digital forms are being created. On the one hand, they are a kind of autonomous digital worlds that require their own virtual spaces, and on the other hand they strive not to lose their connection with social systems. The study proves the Internet and other means of digitalization of the world community create a virtual reality and fundamentally change the meaning of socio-cultural communications bringing an unknown, new system of alleged values into modern society and thus changing the world of human values and attitudes. The theoretical and practical value of the study lies in the fact that the author managed to prove that the increasing flow of information enhances its influence on social systems, which may cause unpredictable global problems as well as reconsideration of human values. In perspective this process would turn the personality towards the revaluation of world values and formulate new requirements for the value basis of social systems. The article is intended for experts in social philosophy, lecturers in philosophy and postgraduate students.

The aim of this paper is to examine the process of changing values and examine their dependence on managerial tasks of a complex social organization by defining axiological determinants of the social organization. The author analyzed a considerable amount of research in the field of philosophy, economics, social management on the development of social organization and management; the characteristic of methodology and environmental complexity of a social organization. It is proved that the development of a social organization is defined by the axiological (socio-philosophical) determinants that reflect the phase and corresponding stage in the development of the society. Depending on the phases and stages of the development of the society, the developmental process of a social organization will focus either on functioning and sustainability of its existence in the environment, or on innovative development of various kinds. The article is addressed to a wide range of social management researchers.

The paper analyses an anthropological model of the Orthodox academic theism from the perspective of the content of the idea of the absolute. The objective of the study is to justify the continuity in the development of patristic religious anthropology and metaphysical psychology which progressed in line with spiritual and academic philosophical knowledge based on the concept of spiritual nature and inexhaustibility of personal being in both absolute and human dimensions. By means of such research methods as comparative historical and logical analyses and historical and philosophical reconstruction it is shown that the doctrine of a person as a unity of the unique spiritual and physical realities in the tradition of Kazan metaphysical psychology is based on patristic anthropology. The author establishes a connection between the main provisions of the founder of the Kazan Philosophical and Anthropological School, Professor Veniamin Alekseyevich Snegirev, and the views of Peter Ivanovich Linitsky, whose rational interpretation of the idea of the absolute became a significant contribution to the theological studies of the Kiev Theological Academy. The paper reveals that the metaphysical model of man is conditioned by the notion of the absolute as the main idea of religious philosophy, and shows the inner character of theo-anthropological relations. It is concluded that in a scientific study, the choice of an anthropological model cannot be apart from the choice of a metaphysical system, since the images of man and the absolute coincide.

The article analyses the way the concept of integral legal understanding was formed in the works of the Russian philosopher and lawyer E.N. Trubetskoy. For this aim the article describes the content of the controversy of E.N. Trubetskoy with the representatives of classical schools of theoretical and legal thought, which resulted in the basic theses of the original concept of integral legal understanding by the Russian philosopher. The outcomes of the research provide a better insight into Trubetskoy’s philosophy of law. The article is addressed to people who are interested in the problems of the history of philosophy and philosophy of law.

The article deals with the views of the Russian religious philosopher V. F. Ern. The purpose of the article is to identify the criteria by which the Russian thinker opposed Logos to ratio in solving the problem of wholeness. The concept of Logos as an integral mind inextricable from the living reality is revealed in detail. The emphasis is put on the fact that in rational philosophy the reality is artificially divided into dead parts reduced to schemes and torn from the completeness of life. The peculiarity of Ern’s views is that the Whole becomes as such only if it is outside the world, beyond the limits of death and noumenal. Using historical, analytical, dialectical and systemic methods of research, the author comes to the conclusion that the interrelation of ideas of wholeness, Logos and immortality is the original theme of Ern’s philosophy. The theoretical and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that at present, in the era of social transformations and domination of postmodernism, the idea of integrity in ontology and epistemology becomes again very important because without this idea any historical projecting is impossible. The article is addressed to political technologists engaged in the formation of ideology in modern Russia.

The aim of the article is to analyze the ontological aspect of freedom in the Russian religious philosophy of the first half of the 20th century. The study was conducted using the methods of historical and philosophical analysis: the method of comparative analysis; method of historical and philosophical reconstruction; interpretation method; method of synthesis as a combination of the interpreted material in a new quality. As a result of the study, it was revealed that Russian religious philosophers of the first half of the 20th century considered freedom as an absolute and at the same time chaotic ontological principle combining both evil and divine. This concept was inevitably associated with the fate of a personality, its moral choice and values. The theoretical value of the article lies in the fact that the undertaken historical and philosophical analysis of the views of Russian religious thinkers on the origin and essence of freedom sets before modern science a task of further researching the essence of freedom and its significance in the moral choice of an individual, revealing the peculiarities of personalism with its individual efforts to overcome world evil, which brings the problem at the interdisciplinary level. The article is intended for teachers, graduate students and those studying the history of Russian philosophy, as well as for all interested in the problem of the foundations of the national spiritual culture.

The article examines the philosophical works of Boethius, namely the ratio of Christianity and antique wisdom in his outlook. The empirically conducted research proved Boethius’ synthetic vision of human nature. According to Boethius humans are the crowning stage in terrestrial hierarchy. They belong both to the created and spiritual worlds. Boethius’ position is that the way for humans to well-being lies through knowledge. The research methodology included synthetic methods combining philosophical anthropological and ethical data on man and a method of philosophical comparison. Theoretical17 and practical value of the study consists in examining Boethius’ anthropological and ethical doctrine and the role of his ethics in modern world. The article is addressed to the students and postgraduate students majoring in philosophy, theology and religious studies.

The subject of this research is the process of institutionalization and evolution of philosophical and scientific anthropological paradigm in Russian philosophy of the 19th - early 20th centuries. During this period, under the influence of successful developments in natural science, Russian materialist thinkers substantiated the understanding of man as a natural-biosocial being. This transition was a prerequisite for the whole complex of anthropological issues being considered through the prism of materialism. The article reconstructs and examines the basic provisions of this paradigm: the ideas about the role and place of man in nature and society, the issues of anthropogenesis, the relationship between freedom and necessity, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship between the individual and society. It is concluded that the supporters of the philosophical and scientific approach, despite a number of shortcomings associated with the incorrect reception of classical Marxism, laid the foundations of philosophical anthropology in the USSR and Russia.

The purpose of this study is to determine the ontological basis of scientific and technical development of Chinese civilization. The procedure of research and the general system of actions for the organization of research is determined by the understanding and explanation of the anthropic principle. It includes: the basis, criticism and limitation of the principle from the standpoint of Chinese philosophy. The author conducted a philosophical and methodological analysis of the scientific and technical development of Chinese civilization on the basis of the key components of the structure of scientific and cognitive activity. The author showed that the ontological basis of scientific and technical development of China is determined by the philosophical and methodological doctrine of the unity of culture and method, freedom, love of wisdom and humanity. The theoretical and practical significance of the results is due to the identified set of ontological foundations of scientific and technical development of Chinese civilization in the context of the anthropic principle.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of linguistic ecology as a modern sociolinguistic discipline which is engaged in preservation of national language with special care of its ethical and esthetic role in society. The main content of the research is the analysis of the global social reality which deteriorated Serbia’s public discourse to the degree of nonprofessionalism and familiarity. As a result of the research conducted on the basis of systemic44 approach it is established that the approval of the so-called «negligent» style of public communication which is characterized by disrespect for language national culture is a consequence of globalization. Such form of public behavior does not only destroy speech culture, but also indirectly gets into all other spheres of social activity. The author formulated a task for public organizations concerning citizens - to pay special attention to linguistic ecology i.e., to preserve core values of the national language. The article is addressed to the experts in the field of philosophy of science and technology, lecturers in philosophy and linguistics, postgraduate students.

The article considers some socio-humanitarian aspects of info-communication technologies (ICT) related to info-social reality 5.0 and post-non-classical science. The authors summarize the experience of theoretical research in computer science which revealed cognitive problems of computer modeling and design. The article analyzes the body of information-technical and philosophical texts making up “pessimistic” and “optimistic” approaches to technology. It is shown that humanitarization of natural science is carried out by means of technical sciences because of their contact with society. Based on the study of neoliberal-economic influences on technical creativity, it is established that cognitive problems are caused by both paradigmatic scientific and social reasons. The authors updated the problems of the study area at the intersection of Informatics and Social Sciences and proposed the perspectives of ICT development connected with environmental challenges of post-modernity (info-chemistry, nanocomputers).