Individual Understanding of Things: Distributed Meanings, Exemplars, and Unicepts
https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5148-2024-1-33-43
Abstract
Aim. To explore the formation and existence of humans’ individual representations of things and their connection to linguistic categories.
Methodology. The research incorporates analysis of data on the activity of individual brain neurons, ideas from the cognitome theory and exemplar theories of categorization, as well as the philosophical concept of unicepts.
Results. Scientific evidence suggests the uniqueness of each individual’s representations of objects. Distributed hypernetworks of neurons correspond to specific elements of subjective experience for each person. Linguistic categories are based on subjective experience of interacting with specific exemplars. Communication is based not on universal concepts, but rather on unique individual representations – unicepts.
Research implications. For the first time, this study presents, in a generalized form, the idea of distributed coding of meaning, which combines the understanding of meaning encoding in neuropsychology, categorization theories, and the notion of unicepts.
About the Author
A. Ye. SerikovRussian Federation
Andrew Ye. Serikov – Cand. Sci. (Philosophy), Assoc. Prof., Department of Philosophy
ul. Moskovskoe shosse 34, Samara 443086
References
1. Anohin K. V. [Cognitome: In Search of Fundamental Neuroscience Theory of Consciousness]. In: Zhurnal vysshej nervnoj deyatel’nosti [I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity], 2021, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 39–71.
2. Serikov A. E. [David Lewis’s Convention and Its Contemporary Perception]. In: Aspirantskij vestnik Povolzh’ya [Postgraduate Bulletin of the Volga Region], 2023, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 43–48.
3. Serikov A. E. [Understanding Language Rules in Ruth Garrett Millican’s Biosemantics]. In: Semioticheskie issledovaniya [Semiotic Studies], 2023, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 13–21.
4. Jamieson R. K., Avery J. E., Johns B. T., Jones M. N. An Instance Theory of Semantic Memory. In: Computational Brain & Behavior, 2018, vol. 1, no 2, pp. 119–136.
5. Ambridge B. Abstractions Made of Exemplars or ‘You’re All Right, and I’ve Changed My Mind’: Response to Commentators. In: First Language, 2020, vol. 40, no. 5–6, pp. 640–659.
6. Ambridge B. Against Stored Abstractions: A Radical Exemplar Model of Language Acquisition. In: First Language, 2020, vol. 40, no. 5–6, pp. 509–559.
7. Lewis D. Convention: A Philosophical Study. Harvard, Harvard University Press, 1969. 213 p.
8. Lewis D. Languages and Language. In: Gunderson K., ed. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1975, pp. 3–35.
9. Matczak M. Ruth G. Millikan’s Conventionalism and Law. In: Legal Theory, 2022, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 146– 178.
10. Medin D. L. A Theory of Context in Discrimination Learning. In: Bower G. H., ed. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. Vol. 9. New York, Academic Press, 1975, pp. 263–314.
11. Medin D. L., Schaffer M. M. Context Theory of Classification Learning. In: Psychological Review, 1978, vol. 85, pp. 207–238.
12. Millikan R. G. Beyond Concepts: Unicepts, Language, and Natural Information. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017. 240 p.
13. Millikan R. G. Language Conventions Made Simple. In: The Journal of Philosophy, 1998, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 161–180.
14. Millikan R. G. On Meaning, Meaning, and Meaning. In: Millikan R. G. Language: A Biological Model. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 53–76.
15. Murphy G. L. Is There an Exemplar Theory of Concepts? In: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2016, vol. 23, pp. 1035–1042.
16. Posner M. I., Keele S. W. On the Genesis of Abstract Ideas. In: Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1968, vol. 77, no. 3, pt. 1, pp. 353–363.
17. Fried I., Rutishauser U., Cerf M., Kreiman G., eds. Single Neuron Studies of the Human Brain: Probing Cognition. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2014. 382 p.
18. Smith E. E., Medin D. L. Сategories and Concepts. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1981. 203 p.