Scientific Knowledge and Value Limitation: A Social and Philosophical Analysis

Aim. To reveal the features of the correlation of values and scientific knowledge that influence the moral choice of a scientist.

Methodology. The current state of conflicting judgments about the ideal of value-free science is analyzed, and it is argued that science cannot be free from values, since the very value of the cognitive process is natural and beyond doubt. The research methodology is a socio-philosophical analysis of the problem of freedom of choice or moral limitations of values in science, as well as general scientific methods of theoretical knowledge, methods of system analysis, comparison and generalization of foreign and Russian studies on the study of values in science. Two main theses are used as methodological foundations of the study: the value of science is not in the evaluation of discoveries, but in achieving the goal of the study; science solves the set tasks or shows their impossibility against the background of the moral limitations of the discovery.

Results. Based on the study of values in science, the question arises of the significance of scientific achievements, discoveries for humanity from the standpoint of the moral aspect, their application for the good or for the detriment of life. The recognition of values in science requires a rethinking of the understanding of rationality and the responsibility of science to humanity. Rationality cannot be seen as ideally instrumental, free from values. This leads to a limitation of the autonomy of science and the achievement of the material needs of mankind. Scientific rationality is considered as practice-oriented rationality, taking into account not only the material, but also the moral aspect of the existence of the individual.

Research implications. Material on the topic under study is summarized. The results of the study contribute to the methodological basis of social philosophy. Their relevance is due to the disclosure of practical significance in that it is necessary to make science responsible for all types of discoveries from the standpoint of values, and at the same time develop institutional mechanisms for influencing scientists who ignore responsibility for the cognitive value of research results. This will solve the dilemma of dual use, misuse or abuse of science. The author comes to the conclusion that science without values, without a moral basis is deprived of responsibility for the future of civilization, it is able to heal and harm for the sake of material gain or achievement of a goal. Consequently, the value basis of science implies a moral regulator, the responsibility of scientists for their discoveries, the safety of the world around and the life of mankind.

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