UNDERSTANDING OF KANT’S TRANSCENDENTALISM BY KAZAN PHILOSOPHERS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

Although Kant's anthropology in its “pure form” was the “Copernican revolution” in the history of European philosophy, it did not become an independent approach in Russian philosophical thought of the 19th-20th centuries. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideas of Kant's transcendentalism widely discussed in the works of some Kazan philosophers of the beginning of the 20th century. This discussion was mostly conducted in the framework of anthropological discourse. Methodology and Approach. The article studies the ideas of V. Ivanovsky, A. Makovelsky and K. Sotonin from the angle of their reception of transcendental concepts in psychological and empirical contexts. Results. The analysis showed, that V. Ivanovsky enriched his theory of associationism due to the transcendentalism of I. Kant, A. Makovelsky relied in his procedural theory of “soul” on the Kantian arguments of D. Hume's criticism and K. Sotonin posed a new epistemological problem, complementing Kant’s classification of the objects of judgment. An overview of these concepts is presented in this article. Theoretical and / or Practical Value of the research lies in introducing the understudied concepts of “lifting Kant” in a “positive perspective” developed by regional philosophers into scientific terminology, which, in practical terms, will complement the “picture” of Russian philosophical thought.