THE CATEGORY “BRAIN” IN SOLVING INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS OF MODERNITY: THE HIGHEST CONSCIOUS

Aim. Search for an approach to solving interdisciplinary neuroscience problems based on the study of the highest consciousness.
Methodology. The paper provides a philosophical analysis of the current state of the “consciousness and brain” problem, psychophysiological and psychophysical problems, as well as of the problem of free will and the “mind-brain” problem. In the process of research, the theoretical method of scientific knowledge was used, as well as the general philosophical dialectical method, the methods of abstraction, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and mental modeling.
Results. This article describes the properties of the brain as a cognitive system that forms the basis of the subjective world of a person under the general name “highest conscious”. It is shown that the intended use of the category “brain” allows deeper understanding of the neuroscientific and neurophilosophical problems of our time in the context of the “highest conscious”. In this regard, the study analyzed two systems of reflecting reality: the lower conscious and the highest conscious. The contribution of spatial thinking and imagination to the reconstruction of images of the highest conscious on the basis of sensory and conscious experience is considered. It is shown that sifting out the secondary, inventing the missing, highlighting the main, classification and categorization are the main processes of cognition of the objective reality of the world based on the activity of the highest conscious. The solution of psychophysical and psychophysiological problems is seen as an understanding of bodily-brain and functional connections through the lower conscious. The dialectical basis for solving the problems of “Consciousness and Brain” and “Mind-Brain” is the understanding of the process of recreating and realizing reality by the brain in the “highest conscious” system. A theoretically justified answer to the problem of free will can be given by explaining the compatibility with the freedom of voluntary movements.
Research implications. A new approach to solving fundamental interdisciplinary neuroscientific problems through the analysis of subjective states under the general name “highest conscious” will minimize the biological emphasis of these philosophical studies and understand the ontological and epistemological essence of the highest conscious.

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