FROM THE HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT OF SUBJECT’S INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT: PLATO AND ARISTOTLE AS PRECURSORS OF KANT AND HEGEL

Abstract

The aim of the article is socio-philosophical analysis of the main characteristics of the subject necessary for the establishment and study of independence. The concepts of Plato and Aristotle are considered, according to which it is the reason that is common in relation to the independence of the subject. The role of society and the state in relation to the independence of the subject is revealed. Plato gave preference to the best society whereas Aristotle - to power that, in his opinion, should be a combination of different types of power. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that an independent subject can be considered both in the absolute and in the relative mode of existence. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the understanding of the further history of the relevant idea of subject’s independence, which leads, among other things, to the ideas of I. Kant and G. V. F. Hegel who reflected on the autonomy (self-legislation) of the subject.