Generally Recognized Scientific Categories as a Theoretical and Methodological Basis for Scientific Research. Part IV

Aim. Based on philosophical methodology, consider in detail the content of some general scientific (philosophical) categories “separate”, “individual”, “special”, “universal” (that is, categories reflecting the delimitation of some phenomena from others), the categories “identity”, “difference”, “opposite”, “contradiction”, “struggle” (categories reflecting the process of comparing the characteristics of phenomena), “change”, “movement”, “development”, “progress”, “regression” (categories reflecting the transition from one qualitative state of being to another) and define them in a modern edition.

Methodology. The work was carried out based on a systematic approach using classification methods and comparative analysis.

Results. Research within the framework of the system of philosophical categories because of cognitive activity, which is a systematization of information about a phenomenon and the naming of this phenomenon, is still relevant today. The categories reflect the characteristics of phenomena of a certain class, record the essential properties of the phenomena and the connections between them. In addition, based on the content of general scientific categories, methods of cognition are formed. They also have a general scientific character and participate in all scientific research without exception. This fact gives special importance to understanding the essence of general scientific (philosophical) categories, which, working to solve problems of scientific research, are transformed into methods of scientific research. This circumstance determines the need for a detailed presentation of the content of general scientific (philosophical) categories in their modern edition.

Research implications.  The results of the study can be used to improve the methodological competencies of both teachers of philosophical disciplines and students.

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